Islam and Early Islamic world Flashcards
A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.
Islam
Traditionalists, the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, those who followed Muhammad.
Sunni
A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Muhammed and rejects the first three caliphs (people who succeeded Muhammad).
Shiite
A prophet who introduced a religion called Islam in Arabia.
Muhammad
A title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.
Caliph
A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750. They conquered a significant portion of the Middle East and North Africa, even emerging into Southern Spain. Their capital was at Damascus.
Umayyad
A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers (North Africans) in the eighth century A.D.
Al-Andalus
- 1 god and Muhammed his prophet 2. give to the poor 3. fast during holy months 4. for once in your life you must go to Mecca 5. must pray 5x a day and you must face Mecca
5 Pillars
The second, very long, dynasty of the Muslim Empire. They claimed descent from Abbas, eldest uncle of Muhammad. Their reign was most firmly established and the court at Baghdad, which became a capital of culture and learning.
Abbassid
capital of Muslim Spain, an economic center, hundreds of workshops, culture and learning flourished there
Cordoba
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion.
Mecca
City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca
Medina
Holy City to many religions, it’s important to Muslims because it is the site of Muhammad’s ascension to heaven.
Jerusalem
