Reflexes Flashcards
Stimulus: Stroke the corner of the mouth, upper lip, and lower lip
Response: Movement of the tongue, mouth, and or head during the stimulus
Significance: Helps baby locate feeding source to begin feeding
Rooting
Rooting Onset age & Integration Age
Onset age: 28 weeks
Integration Age: 3 months
Stimulus: Place examiner’s index finger inside infant’s mouth with head in midline
Response: Strong, rhythmical sucking
Significance: Facilitates nutritive sucking for the ingestion of liquid
Suck-Swallow
Suck-Swallow Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 28 weeks
Integration age: 2- 5 months
Stimulus: Grasp infants forearms and pull up to sit
Response: Complete reflex of upper extremities
Significance: Promotes momentary grasp to enable to child to hold onto mother when being pulled
Traction
Traction Onset age and Integration age
Onset age: 28 weeks
Integration age: 2-5 months
Stimulus: Rapidly drop infants head backwards
Response: First phase - arm extension/abduction, hand grasp
Second phase - arm flexion/adduction
Significance: Protective response to stress , helps develop extensor tone, during a period when flexor tone is dominant
Moro
Moro Onset age & Integration Age
Onset age: 28 weeks
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Apply pressure with thumb on infant’s ball of foot
Response: Toe flexion
Significance: increase input to sole of foot, integration is associated with readiness for independent gait
Plantar Grasp
Plantar Grasp Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 28 weeks
Integration age: 9 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in prone suspension, gently tap or scratch along side spine with fingers, from should to buttocks
Response: Lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on stimulated side
Significance: Enhances trunk stabilization by facilitating lateral trunk movement
Galent
Galent Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 32 weeks
Integration age: 2 months
Stimulus: Fully rotate infants head and hold for 5 secs
Response: Extension of extremities on face side, flexion of extremities on skull side
Significance: Promotes visual attention to UE; decreases incidence of rolling
Asymmetric Tonic Neck
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 37 weeks
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Place a finger in infant’s palm
Response: Finger flexion, reflexive grasp
Significance: Increase palmer tactile input; prepares muscles for voluntary grasp
Palmer Grasp
Palmer Grasp Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 37 weeks
Integration age: 4-6 months
Stimulus: Place infant in supine
Response: Increase extensor tone
Significance: Facilitates full body extensor tone, allows posture to adapt to that of the head
Tonic labyrinthine-supine
Tonic labyrinthine-supine Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: >37 weeks
Integration age: 6 months
Stimulus: Place infant in prone
Response: Increase flexor tone
Significance: Facilitates full body flexor tone, allows posture to adapt to that of the head
Tonic labyrinthine-prone
Tonic labyrinthine-prone Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: >37 weeks
Integration age: 6 months
Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
Response: Completed extension of head, trunk and extremities
Significance: Regulates tone, promotes prone extension to manage flexor tone
Landau
Landau Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 3-4 months
Integration age: 12-24 months
Stimulus: Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
Response: Flexion of the hips and knees
Significance: Facilitates quadruped position in preparation for crawling, breaks up total body extension
Symmetric tonic neck
Symmetric tonic neck Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 4-6 months
Integration age: 8-12 months
Stimulus: Place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Response: Log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
Significance: Facilitates rolling ; maintains body orientation in response to cervical position chances
Neck Righting (On body) (NOB)
Neck Righting (On body) (NOB) Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 4-6 months
Integration age: 5 years
Stimulus: Place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly
Response: Segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
Significance: Promotes trunk and spinal rotation to facilitate sitting and quadruped positions
Body righting (on body) (BOB)
Body righting (on body) (BOB) Onset age & Integration age
Onset age: 4-6 months
Integration age: 5 years
Stimulus: Hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
Response: Upright positioning of the head
Significance: Basis for head management and postural stability; orients head in space vertically
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting
Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting Onset age
Onset age: birth - 2 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: Rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
Response: Extension of the LE
Significance: Prepares LE for surface contact (i.e. standing); breaks a fall
Downward parachute (protective extension downward)
Downward parachute (protective extension downward) Onset age
Onset age: 4 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response: Sudden extensions of the UE , hand opening, and neck extension
Significance: Places UE in anticipation of surface contact to break a fall; supports prop sitting
Forward parachute (protective extension forward)
Forward parachute (protective extension forward) Onset age
Onset age: 6-9 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
Response: Arm extension and abduction to the side
Significance: Unilaterally supports body for us of opposite arm; prevents falls
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward)
Sideward parachute (protective extension sideward) Onset age
Onset age: 7 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Response: Backward arm extension or arm extension to one side spinal rotation
Significance: Protects from backwards falls
Backward parachute (protective extension backward)
Backward parachute (protective extension backward) Onset age
Onset age: 9-10 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: After positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Significance: Facilitates posture adjustments to maintain center of gravity
Prone tilting
Prone tilting Onset age
Onset age: 5 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: After positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Significance: Facilitates postural adjustments to maintain center of gravity; promotes sitting balance
Supine tilting and sitting tilting
Supine tilting and sitting tilting
Onset age: 7-8 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: After positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Significance: Facilitates postural adjustments to maintain center of gravity and preserve positioning in quadruped
Quadruped Tilting
Quadruped Tilting Onset age
Onset age: 9-12 months
(Persist throughout life)
Stimulus: After positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Significance: Facilitates postural adjustments to maintain center of gravity and balance during standing and walking
Standing tilting
Standing tilting Onset age
Onset age: 12-21 months
