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Physics > Reflection, refraction, converging lenses > Flashcards

Reflection, refraction, converging lenses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the incident ray

A

Light ray going towards the surface

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2
Q

What is the reflected ray

A

Light ray going away from surface

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3
Q

What is the point of incidence

A

Point at which incident ray strikes the surface

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4
Q

What is the normal

A

Perpendicular line at surface at point of incidence

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5
Q

What is the angle of incidence

A

Angle between incident ray and normal

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6
Q

What is the angle of reflection

A

Angle between reflected ray and normal

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7
Q

What are the laws of reflection

A
  • Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
  • Incident ray, reflected ray and normal at point of incidence all lie in the same plane
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of an image formed in a plane mirror

A
  • Same size
  • Upright
  • Virtual
  • Laterally inverted
  • Image distance = object distance
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9
Q

Define refraction

A

Refraction is the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another medium of different optical density

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10
Q

What happens when light travels from an optically less dense medium to an optically denser medium

A
  • Speed of light decreases
  • Light bends towards normal
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11
Q

What happens when light travels from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense medium

A
  • Speed of light increases
  • Light bends away from normal
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12
Q

Define refractive index

A

Refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium

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13
Q

What is the speed of light in vacuum

A

3.0x10^8 ms^-1

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14
Q

Define focal length

A

Focal length is the distance between the optical centre C and the principal focal point F

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15
Q

What are the laws of refraction

A
  • Incident ray, reflected ray and normal at point of incidence all lie in the same plane
  • For 2 given media, ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant
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16
Q

Define total internal reflection

A

Total internal reflection is the complete reflection of a light ray in an optically denser medium at the boundary with an optically less dense medium

17
Q

How does refractive index affect critical angle

A

Smaller refractive index
= Larger critical angle

18
Q

Define critical angle

A

Critical angle is the angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the optically less dense medium is 90 degrees

19
Q

What are the conditions for total internal reflection

A
  • Light travels from optically denser to an optically less dense medium
  • Angle of incidence in optically denser medium is larger than critical angle
20
Q

Why are glass prisms better light reflectors than mirrors

A
  • Produce only 1 reflection
  • Do not have a silver surface that wears off
21
Q

What are optical fibres

A
  • Long and thin device that relies on total internal reflection to transmit signals
22
Q

Advantages of using optical fibres over copper wires in telecommunication

A
  • Data transfer rate is 10 to thousands of times faster using optical fibres
  • Less signal loss than copper wires
  • Lighter and cheaper
  • Carry more information over long distances
  • Immune to electromagnetic interference
23
Q

Advantages of using optical fibres in medicine

A
  • Thin and light, so it is minimally invasive
  • Flexible to curve around obstacles
24
Q

Define a lens

A

A lens is a piece of clear plastic or glass which curved surfaces for converging or diverging light rays

25
Q

What are converging lenses

A

Converging lenses are thicker in the middle than the edges and causes emerging light rays to converge at one point

26
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is =F

A
  • Enlarged
  • Virtual
  • Upright
27
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is >2F

A
  • Diminished
  • Real
  • Inverted
28
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is <F

A
  • Enlarged
  • Virtual
  • Upright
29
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is at infinity

A
  • Diminished
  • Real
  • Inverted
30
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is 2F<F

A
  • Enlarged
  • Real
  • Inverted
31
Q

Properties of an image formed when object is =2F

A
  • Same size
  • Real
  • Inverted
32
Q

Uses when object is at infinity

A
  • Object lens of telescope
33
Q

Uses when object >2F

A
  • Camera
  • Eye
34
Q

Uses when object =F

A
  • Produce parallel beam of light like a spotlight
35
Q

Uses when object 2F<F

A
  • Projector
  • Photograph enlarger
36
Q

Uses when object =2F

A
  • Photocopier making same-size copy
37
Q

Uses when object <F

A
  • Magnifying glass
38
Q

Minimum mirror length for someone to see their full body

A

Half the person’s height

distance from eye to top/2
+ distance from eye to bottom/2

Physics (19 decks)

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