Refining Crude OIl

Question 1

refined meaning
2 physical and 3 chemical process

Answer 1

-to bring complex mixtures of hydrocarbons into simple ones by separating
-physical: solvent extraction and fractional distillation
-chemical: cracking and catalytic reforming (alkylation) and combustion

Question 2

Solvent extraction
-the compound must be _____ soluble in the solvent than the _______
-solvent and mixture must be ______

Answer 2

-more, mixture
-immicisble so they don’t combine and can allow the solute to transfer up or down into other solvent

Question 3

Fractional distillation
-how are carbon compounds arranged
what is it often used to seperate

Answer 3

-lowest carbons have lowest BP and go to the top (1-4 (g))
-5-12 (l)
-higher carbons have higher BP and stay at bottom 12+ (s)
-petroleum

Question 4

Cracking Reactions
-why is cracking used, and what types are there (3)
-what is ethane cracking called and what it is made to

Answer 4

-to speed up and create less residue, thermal, catalytic, and hydrocracking
-dehydrogenation (a form of elimination) made into ethene

Question 5

Catalytic Reforming Reactions (formation)
-______ formed from _______.
what can alkanes be converted to? what is it called

Answer 5

big from small. produces hydrogen gas sometimes
either cyclic or becomes branchier (alkylation