Refinery processes

Question 0

what is separation process ?

Answer 0

atmospheric distillation
vacuum distillation
light ends recovery (gas processing)

Question 1

name the 3 refinery processes

Answer 1

separation
conversion
treatment

Question 2

what does the separation process involve?

Answer 2

crude oil gets separated into its major components by distillation and desalting

Question 3

atmospheric distillation

Answer 3

distillation at atmospheric pressure. liquids w lowest boiling pts evaporate first

Question 4

vacuum distillation?

Answer 4

distillation at a reduced pressure to separate higher boiling point fractions from crude

Question 5

light ends recovery

Answer 5

non condensable gases get separated from condensable gases

Question 6

fractionation?

Answer 6

separation of crude oil into its more vs

uable/ usable components via distillation

Question 7

distillation?

Answer 7

process of heating, vaporizing, fractionation and condensation of different boiling pt fractions of crude oil

Question 8

petroleum conversion process

Answer 8

cracking
reforming
alkylation
polimerization
isomerization
coking
visbreaking

Question 9

petrol conv

cracking?

Answer 9

high mol wt molecules broken down into smaller mol wt molecules in presence of a catalyst or high temp

a) thermal cracking ( heat lg hydrocarbons to high Temp)
b) catalytic cracking (catalyst speeds up rxn eg zeolite) 2 kinds

Question 10

types of catalytic cracking?

Answer 10

fluid catalytic cracking - hotfluid catalyst cracks heavy gas oil into diesel and gas
hydrocracking- reduce sulfur by catalyst, lower temp and high pressure

Question 11

catalyst?

Answer 11

chemical that can stimulat a chemical rxn without being consumed in that rxn

Question 12

petrol conv

reforming?

Answer 12

rearranges naphtha to get higher octane

Question 13

octane number

Answer 13

measure of resistamce to knock
compare the gas to isooctane and n heptane

pure iso octane 100% octane
pure n heptane 0% octane

Question 14

petr conv

alkylation

Answer 14

conversion of light unsaturated open chain HC to high octane gas components

Question 15

petr conv

polymerization

Answer 15

smaller molecules get combined to form larger ones

Question 16

petr conv

isomerization

Answer 16

straight chain HC converted to branched

Question 17

petr conv

coking?

Answer 17

residual from distillation tower is heated to above 900C and it cracks to oil, gas and naphtha. the heavy, pure carbon residue is coke

Question 18

petr conv

visbreaking?

Answer 18

reduction of viscosity of heavy wt oil producing tar

Question 19

petrl treating- steps

Answer 19

hydrodesulfurization
hydrotreating
chemical sweetening
acid gas removal
deasphalting
dewaxing

Question 20

petr treat

hydrodesulfurization?

Answer 20

remove sulfur in the presence of hydrogen from naphtha, gas, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel and lube oil

Question 21

petr treat

hydrotreating

Answer 21

remove nitrogen and aromatic saturation of Hc stream

Question 22

petr treat

sweetening?

Answer 22

remove co2, hs, mercaptans ( cmpds w H S and C found in sour crude oil

Question 23

petr treat

acid gas removal?

Answer 23

remove co2 and h2s

Question 24

petr treat

deasphalting?

Answer 24

removal of asphaltenes ( soluble in benzene amd toluene and insoluable in heptane)
remove metals and sulfurs

Question 25

petr treat

dewaxing?

Answer 25

remove waxy molecules from heavy distillate fuel cuts or lube distillates