Refinery processes Flashcards
what is separation process ?
atmospheric distillation
vacuum distillation
light ends recovery (gas processing)
name the 3 refinery processes
separation
conversion
treatment
what does the separation process involve?
crude oil gets separated into its major components by distillation and desalting
atmospheric distillation
distillation at atmospheric pressure. liquids w lowest boiling pts evaporate first
vacuum distillation?
distillation at a reduced pressure to separate higher boiling point fractions from crude
light ends recovery
non condensable gases get separated from condensable gases
fractionation?
separation of crude oil into its more vs
uable/ usable components via distillation
distillation?
process of heating, vaporizing, fractionation and condensation of different boiling pt fractions of crude oil
petroleum conversion process
cracking reforming alkylation polimerization isomerization coking visbreaking
petrol conv
cracking?
high mol wt molecules broken down into smaller mol wt molecules in presence of a catalyst or high temp
a) thermal cracking ( heat lg hydrocarbons to high Temp)
b) catalytic cracking (catalyst speeds up rxn eg zeolite) 2 kinds
types of catalytic cracking?
fluid catalytic cracking - hotfluid catalyst cracks heavy gas oil into diesel and gas
hydrocracking- reduce sulfur by catalyst, lower temp and high pressure
catalyst?
chemical that can stimulat a chemical rxn without being consumed in that rxn
petrol conv
reforming?
rearranges naphtha to get higher octane
octane number
measure of resistamce to knock
compare the gas to isooctane and n heptane
pure iso octane 100% octane
pure n heptane 0% octane
petr conv
alkylation
conversion of light unsaturated open chain HC to high octane gas components
petr conv
polymerization
smaller molecules get combined to form larger ones
petr conv
isomerization
straight chain HC converted to branched
petr conv
coking?
residual from distillation tower is heated to above 900C and it cracks to oil, gas and naphtha. the heavy, pure carbon residue is coke
petr conv
visbreaking?
reduction of viscosity of heavy wt oil producing tar
petrl treating- steps
hydrodesulfurization hydrotreating chemical sweetening acid gas removal deasphalting dewaxing
petr treat
hydrodesulfurization?
remove sulfur in the presence of hydrogen from naphtha, gas, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel and lube oil
petr treat
hydrotreating
remove nitrogen and aromatic saturation of Hc stream
petr treat
sweetening?
remove co2, hs, mercaptans ( cmpds w H S and C found in sour crude oil
petr treat
acid gas removal?
remove co2 and h2s
petr treat
deasphalting?
removal of asphaltenes ( soluble in benzene amd toluene and insoluable in heptane)
remove metals and sulfurs
petr treat
dewaxing?
remove waxy molecules from heavy distillate fuel cuts or lube distillates
