Nuclear Energy

Question 0

Define Metasomatism

Answer 0

Process by which the chemical composition of the rock is changed by interaction with fluids. Replacement of 1 mineral by another mineral without melting

Question 1

Name categories of Worldwide Uranium deposits

Answer 1

U  Unconformity related
B  Breccia cmples deposits
S  Sandstone dep
S  Surficial dep
V  Volcanic dep
I   Intrusive dep
M Metasomatite dep
M Metamorphic dep
Q  Qtz pebble conglomerate dep
V  Vein dep

Question 2

What at the ore minerals in Uranium

Answer 2

Uraninite UO2

Pitchblende U3O8

Question 3

What isotopes make up Uranium.

Answer 3

238U and 235U

Question 4

235U fissile or non fissile and why?

Answer 4

235U is fissile

atomic nucleus will always fission when struck by a free neutron

Question 5

Methods of Uranium enrichment- isotope separation.

Answer 5

Thermal diffusion
gaseous diffusion
gas centrifuge
zippe centrifuge

Question 6

Nucleur reactor type?

Answer 6

Thermal reactor

Fast reactor

Question 7

Types of Thermal Reactor?

Answer 7

Light Water Reactor ( BWR and PWR)
Heavy Water Reactor
Graphite Moderator

Question 8

Reactor Components

Answer 8

Control rods ( below in BWR and above in PWR)
Nucleur fuel rods
Moderator material ( slows down fast neutrons turning them to thermal neutrons that can sustain a nuclear chain rxn)

Question 9

what are common used moderators?

Answer 9

deuterium ( heavy water)
hydrogen (ie ordinary or light water)
graphite

Question 10

Boiling water reactor (BWR)

Answer 10

water boils. steam is produced and turns turbines
NO steam generator
control rods from below,

Question 11

Pressurized Water Reactor PWR

Answer 11

pressurized unit keeps water under high pressure. prevents boiling
StEAM generator
steam through turbing produces electricity

control rods from above
3 loops

Question 12

Heavy Water Reactor

Answer 12

neutron mod is heavy water( deuterium)

coolant is heavy water

Question 13

Light Water Reactor

Answer 13

Neutron med is water (normal)

coolant is water (normal)

Question 14

Fast reactor

Answer 14

fast neutrons to sustain a fission chain rxn
no mod material
needs highly enriched fuel ( eg weapons grade uranium or plutomium)

Question 15

fast breeder reactor

Answer 15

produce more fissile material than they consume

Question 16

Types of radiation exposure

Answer 16

external radiation- exposure from an external source
contamination- contamination bygas, liquid or solid form released into environment
incorporation - uptake by body cells

Question 17

radioactivity measurement units

Answer 17

radioactivity. Curie and Becquerel
absorbed rate. Rad and Grey
dose equiv. Rem and sievert

Question 18

when and where was there a controlled fusion rxn

Answer 18

Tokamak fusion reactor

Question 19

Fusion Reaction

advantages

Answer 19

abundant source of energy
no radiation
produces less radioactive waste than fission

Question 20

Types of Fusion rxns

Answer 20

proton-proton
deuterium- deuterium
deuterium- tritium

Question 21

conditions for nucleur fusion

Answer 21

high temp (enough to overcome electrical repulsion betwen protons

Question 22

plasma

define?

Answer 22

high energy state of matter in which all electrons are stripped from atoms and move freely

high pressure to squeeE H atoms together (1 x 10 to -15 m)

Question 23

Thorium

Answer 23

232 Th mined in pure form- not fissile

233 Th is fissile