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Capstone Round 2 > Reference Ranges and Words > Flashcards

Reference Ranges and Words Flashcards

1

1
Q

1

Sodium + fx

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

extracellular fluid control

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2
Q

1

POTassium + fx

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

nerve excitability and acid-base balance

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3
Q

1

Total Calcium + fx

A

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

musculo/skeletal/neuro/cardiovascular function

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4
Q

1

Magnesium + fx

A

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL

Muscle contractions and blood coagulation

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5
Q

1

PHOsphorus

A

3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL

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6
Q

1

BUN

A

10 - 20 mg/dL

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7
Q

1

Creatinine (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL♀ 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL

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8
Q

1

Glucose

A

70 - 105 mg/dL

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9
Q

1

HgbA1c

A

↓ 6.5%

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10
Q

1

WBC

A

5,000 - 10,000/mm^3

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11
Q

1

RBC (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 4.6 - 6.1 milion/mm^3♀ 4.2 - 5.4 million/mm^3

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12
Q

1

Hgb (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 14-18g/100mL♀ 12 - 16 g/100mL

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13
Q

1

Hct (♂ vs ♀)

A

♂ 42 - 52%♀ 37 - 47%

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14
Q

1

Platlets

A

150,000 - 400,000/mm^3

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15
Q

1

pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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16
Q

1

pCO2

A

35 - 45 mm Hg

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17
Q

1

pO2

A

80 - 100 mm Hg

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18
Q

1

HCO3 + fx

A

21 - 26 mmol/Lmaintains blood pH to prevent metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

1

Normal PT

A

11 - 12.5 sec

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20
Q

1

Normal/Therapeutic INR

A

0.7 - 1.8 2 - 3

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21
Q

1

Normal/Therapeutic PTT

A

30 - 40 sec 1.5 - 2x normal control

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22
Q

1

Digoxin

A

0.5 - 2.0 ng/mL

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23
Q

1

Lithium

A

0.8 - 1.4 mEq/L

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24
Q

1

Dilantin

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

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25
Q

1

Theophylline

4 S/S Toxicity

A

10 - 20 mcg/mL

Hypotension, Albuminuria, Tachycardia, Anorexia

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26
Q

1

ALT (u/L and IU/L)/AST

A

8 - 40 units/L or 3 - 25 IU/L

5 - 40 units/L

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27
Q

1

ALP (↑ with what?)

A

30 - 120 u/L↑ in acute liver inflammation, will return to normal when chronic (body can’t create inflammatory response)

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28
Q

1

Serum Protein

A

6 - 8 g/dL

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29
Q

1

Serum Albumin (why does it drop?)

A

3 - 5 g/dL ↓ when liver can’t synthesize proteins

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30
Q

1

Laennec’s

A

Cirrhosis r/t chronic alcoholism

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31
Q

1

Itcerus

A

yellowing of eyes

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32
Q

1

Asterixis

A

flapping hands

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33
Q

1

Fetor Hepaticus

A

Liver breash

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34
Q

1

Chvostek Sign and c/o

A

ipsilateral tapping on facial nerve r/in twitching

Hypocalcemia

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35
Q

1

Trousseaus Sign

A

finger spasms w/ BP cuff inflation

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36
Q

1

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

Oversecretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex (↑ ACTH levels), fix with Chemo/Cytotoxic Agents

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37
Q

1

T3, T4, and TSH

TRH and RAIU

A

70 - 205

  1. 0 - 12.0
  2. 3 - 5.0

Relative to baseline TSH
↓ 35% injected amount iodine

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38
Q

1

Amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

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39
Q

1

Rinne Test

A

Hearing test w/ tuning fork

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40
Q

1

Angioedema

A

rapid swelling of tissues

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41
Q

1

Hirschsprung disease and interventions (2)?

A

lower intestinal blockage

2 surgeries and an ostomy.

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42
Q

1

Atelectasis

A

collapse of lung r/in shallow breathing

Caused by strict bedrest w/out turns and other lung diseases

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43
Q

1

Conversion
Projection
Undoing (Reaciton-Formation)
Idealization

A

mental -> physical symptoms
attributing self to others
acting opposite to own beliefs
exaggerating + attributes to hide emotional conflict

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44
Q

1

Raynaud’s Disease

A

A condition in which some areas of the body feel numb and cool in certain circumstances.

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45
Q

1

Brudzinski Sign

A

supine, lift head while pressing down on chest, flexion of legs lower extremities

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46
Q

1

Kernig’s Sign

A

supine, inability to extend knees past 135º w/out pain

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47
Q

1

Emphysema 4 S/S

A

Dyspnea
Barrel Chest
Clubbing Fingers
Shallow Respirations

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48
Q

1

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being helpless around other people

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49
Q

1

Urine Specific Gravity

A

1.005 - 1.030

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50
Q

1

IgG
IgA
IgE
IgM

A

all types of infections
sever autoimmune dz and chronic infx
RAST - allergies, anaphylaxis, asthma
antibodies against ABO groups gram negative

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51
Q

1

Hemianopsia

A

↓ vision 1/2 of visual field

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52
Q

1

Guaiac Test

A

poop for blood

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53
Q

1

Anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

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54
Q

1

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

secondary dementia r/t thiamine deficiency (caused by long term alcohol use)

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55
Q

1

Clang association
Word Sala
Neologism
Echolalla

A

Have same beginning sound/rhyme
Meaningless/disorganized
Made up words
Parroting another person

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56
Q

1

Oxybutynin sfx (anticholinergic)

A

dry mouth
blurred vision
photophobia

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57
Q

1

Fluconazole function

A

antifungal for oro/systemic candidiasis

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58
Q

1

Neostigmine adfx

A

Nausea

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59
Q

1

Ferrous sulfate (iron), eating habits when taking

A

take on empty stomach to ↑ absorption

can take with food initially to ↓ GI distress

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60
Q

1

Antidotes for...
Warfarin
Heparin
Magnesium sulfate
Acetaminophen
A

Vitamin K
Protamine Sulfate
Calcium Gluconate
Acetylcysteine

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61
Q

1

Morphine Sulfate 4 adfx

A

Pupil constriction
Bradycardia
Hypothremia
↓ Bladder sphincter tone/fullness perception

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62
Q

1

Ergotamine sublingual when to use

A

Onset of a migraine

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63
Q

1

Ranges ♥ Enyzmes and duration of elevation with MI
Creatinine Kinase MB
Troponin T
Troponin I
Myoglobin
A

0% 3 days
↓ 0.2 14 - 21 days
↓ 0.3 7 - 10 days
↓ 90 24 hrs

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64
Q

1

Ranges
Cholesterol (Total)
HDL
LDL
Triglyercerides
A

200 mg/dL screen for ♥ dz
♂ 35 - 65 /♀ 35 - 80 GOOD
↓ 130 BAD, but can be 70% of cholesterol
♂ 40 - 160/♀ 35 -135
OLD PEOPLE (↑ 65 y/o) 55 - 220 Used to evaluate artherosclerosis

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65
Q

1

Orthopnea

A

fancy for SoB while supine

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66
Q

1

Guillian Barre Syndrome

A

when immune system attacks nerves in periphery r/in weakness and paresthesia

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67
Q

1

Cardiac Tamponade and 3 S/S

A

Fluid accumulation in Pericardial Sac EMERGENCY, REPORT IT!

HYPOTN, Muffled ♥ sounds, Paradoxial Pulse

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68
Q

1

Paradoxical Pulse

A

↑ BP between expiration and inhalation

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69
Q

1

Normal BP

Considered HTN

A

Less than 120/80

↑ 140/90

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70
Q

1

Difference between Angina and MI

A

Angina - w/ stress, nitro, 15 min, no s/s

MI - no cause, opiods, ↑ 30 min, w/ ↑ anxiety s/s

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71
Q

1

Human B-Type Natruretic Peptids (hBNP)

Normal range + progression

A

↓ 100 = normal
↑ 300 = mild, ↑ 600 = moderate, ↑ 900 = severe HF

ALSO, is a medication that tx acute HF by vasodilating/↑ sodium excretion

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72
Q

1

Left and Right Ventricle Ejection Fractions

A

55 - 70%

45 - 60%

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73
Q

1

Pre-HTN Range

A

120 - 139/80 - 89

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74
Q

1

Esophagogastrodudenoscopy

A

Visualization of upper GI tract

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75
Q

1

Total Bilirubin

A

0.1 - 1.0 mg/dL

76
Q

1

Indirect Bilirubin

A

0.2 - 0.8 mg/dL

77
Q

1

Ammonia

A

11 - 32 umol/L

78
Q

1

CHLoride

A

98 - 106 mEq/L

79
Q

1

Oliguria Range for 24 hrs

A

100 - 400 mL/24hr

80
Q

1

Prealbumin

A

23 - 43 mg/dL

81
Q

1

Vasopressin FX/Tx

A

ADH hormone

Diabetes Insipidus

82
Q

1

Methimazole (Tapazole) FX/TX

A

Anti-thyroid hormone

Hyperthyroidism

83
Q

1

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) FX/TX

A

Mineralcorticoid Replacement

Addision’s Disease

84
Q

1

Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) FX/TX

A

Stops production of gluco/mineralcorticoids and androgens

Cushing’s Disease

85
Q

1

Manic 5 S/S

A 
Ø complete projects
Ø sleep
Ø eat
Spends money
Fearful of others (anxiety)
86
Q

1

Meningococcal Meningitis Isolation Procedure

A

Isolate 24 - 72 hr after initiation of antibiotic therapy

87
Q

1

Droplet Precaution max distance from patient w/out a mask

A

3 feet

88
Q

1

5 S/S Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A 
Orthostatic HYPOtn
Constipation
Hyperglycemia
Bradycardia
Dry Mouth
89
Q

1

How often to observe EKG (T-Waves) with a DKA patient

Meaning of a widening/shortening QT interal

A

30 - 60 minutes

Hypo/Hyperkalemia

90
Q

1

3 S/S Respiratory Obstruction

A

Thready pulse
Intercostal restractions
Noisy (stridor) respiratooions

91
Q

1

3 S/S Cerebral Hemorrhage

A

↑ ICP
Hypotension
Hypoxia

92
Q

1

3 S/S Hemorrhagic Shock

A

Tachycardia
Weak pulse
Hypotension

93
Q

1

Mental status assessments
\+7 - 100
3-step command
What would you do if...?
Evaluate the meaning of a proverb
A

intellectual function
immediate memory
judgment
abstract thinking

94
Q

1

Function of the follow brain structures
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem
Hypothalamus
A

learning, memory, language
balance, coordination
respiratory control
endocrine system

95
Q

1

Key nutrition elements of the following...
Onion soup
Grilled fish
Almonds
Broccoli
A

Sodium
Protein
Phosphorus
Potassium

96
Q

1

Lithium, increase what intake?
Decrease what intake?
Length until therapeutic effect?

A

Salt intake with meals
NSAIDS ↑ toxicity
5 - 7 days

97
Q

1

Chemo patients precautions (4)

A

Low-residue diet
Catheter installed
Wear a dosi-meter badge
Bed rest

98
Q

1

Brain tumors ↑ r/o…?

A

Seizures

99
Q

1

Hypoglycemia in babies r/in…

A

Flaccid muscle tone

100
Q

1

When switching CVC, what should patient do..?

When getting new one inserted, what should pt do?

A

Valsalva maneuver to prevent air embolus

Turn head in opposite direction to prevent break in sterile field

101
Q

1

Clozapine FX/TX
Tests done during…?
ADFX

A

anti-psychotic, shizophrenia
WBC qWeek/6months
Flu symptoms, tachycardia

102
Q

1

Ice bag time to use on patient

Cooldown until re-use

A

30 min/ea

1 hr

103
Q

1

Aprazolam (Xanax) TX/3ADFX

A

Anxiety
Sedation
Tachycardia
Headaches

104
Q

1

Total Laryngectomy and bonus FX

A

Anatomical separation of trachea/esophagus

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE to choke/aspirate on food

105
Q

1

Methylergonovine FX/Contra

A

Stop severe bleeding from uterus after childbirth

Contra’d if BP ↑ than 140/90

106
Q

1

Anthrax antidote

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

107
Q

1

Dyskinesia

A

impaired voluntary movement

108
Q

1

Benadryl and Parkinson’s desired FX

A

↓ tremors

109
Q

1

Kawasaki Disease

A

inflammation blood vessel walls

110
Q

1

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Sarcoma that manifests from AIDs and is characterized by purple-ish brown, raised lesions and edema

111
Q

1

Naproxen TX/crushable?/ADFX

A

RA
Yes
like an NSAID, causes GI problems

112
Q

1

Chemo, when to stop PO before treatment

A

1 hr before

113
Q

1

Iron toxicity Antidote

A

Deferoxamine (Desferal)

114
Q

1

Heparin, how often to check aPTT

A

q4hrs

115
Q

1

Prednisone and blood sugar

A

↑ r/o hyperglycemia

116
Q

1

Narcotic Analgesics for Post-Thoracic Surgery

A

↑ deep breathing

117
Q

1

HIV Control Precaution

A

Standard

118
Q

1

Mastectomy/Radiation Therapy and ice packs

A

Contraindicated!

119
Q

1

CVC Aspiration

A

Prior to each use

120
Q

1

Bowel Training Program, bring the patient to the bathroom…

A

when they have an urge to defecate

121
Q

1

WIERD: Pt shitty Temp, P, R and O2 Sat after having a Triple Lumen catheter placed… priority?

A

Stat Chest X-ray to assess catheter placement

122
Q

1

Anti-psychotic medications r/in muscle rigidity, hypePYREXIA, and diaphoresis

A

Neuroleptic Malignant Sydnrome

123
Q

1

Patient cheeking meds?

A

Give it to them liquid form.

124
Q

1

Digoxin, pulse contraindication

4 S/S Toxicity

A

↓ 60

Yellow-tinged vision, Nausea, Muscle weakness, diarrhea

125
Q

1

Persistent adverse effect even after discontinuing a conventional anti-psychotic

A

Tardive Dyskinesia

126
Q

1

Tardive Dyskinesia S/S

A

jerky, lip-smacking, neck/back contractions

127
Q

1

Stick yourself? First action?

A

SCRUB VIGOROUSLY for 5 MINUTES

128
Q

1

Test for Pernicious Anemia

A

Shilling Test

129
Q

1

Sublingual
Intramuscular
Transdermal
Enteral
Routes of Administration
A 
Order from fastest to longest
1 - 3
10 - 30
30 - 60 min
variable
130
Q

1

Medication contraindicated with asthma

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

131
Q

1

Fat Embolism Syndrome

A

s/s respiratory distress 12 - 28 hours of a fracture

132
Q

1

Serum ADH Range

A

1 - 5

133
Q

1

Epstein-Barr Virus

S/S and what it ↑ Risk of

A

Herpes Simplex 4
autoimmune response
Rheumatoid Arthritis

134
Q

1

Process
Prospective
Structure
Outcome

A

Nursing care
Prediction of performance
Availability of resource
Examining data

135
Q

1

Mannitol therapeutic effect in hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

↑ diuresis (sweating)

136
Q

1

After incident report filed after giving a wrong medication, what’s next?

A

Document the time medication was given

137
Q

1

TX of toddler w/ neuroblastoma

A

Hydration

138
Q

1

Prostate Cancer, AGE to start having examinations and PSA levels checked

A

50 years old

139
Q

1

LLND Medication FX's
Nalbuphine (Opiod agonist)
Terbutaline (Smooth Muscle Relaxant)
Oxytocin (Uterine stimulant)
Mag. Sulfate (Smooth Muscle Relaxant)
A

pain
↓ contractions
prevent bleeding
↓ contractions

140
Q

1

SubQ Injection What to do with skin and Insertion Angle

A

Pinch

45 - 90º

141
Q

1

Hemophilia A aPTT expected value

A

45 seconds

142
Q

1

Thrombocytopenia

A

↓ platelet count

143
Q

1

Estradiol ADFX

A

Headaches

144
Q

1

Specific S/S Meningococcal Meningitis C

A

Petechial Rash

145
Q

1

S/S ↑ ICP

A

Memory Loss

146
Q

1

Kid Stuff...!
S/S Autism
ADHD
Defiant Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
A

Lack of response
Difficulty paying attention
Disobedience
Excessive Anxiety when separated from parents

147
Q

1

Continuous Passive Motion Machines, when to turn off?

A

During meal-time

148
Q

1

Family concerned about level of care at new facility? How to address concerns?

A

Facilitated a interdisciplinary conference at the new facility for the family

149
Q

1

Peripheral Arterial Disease and foot care

A

Apply lubricating lotion

150
Q

1

Purpose of hand-rolls

A

Maintaining a functional position

151
Q

1

Chlorpromazine FX

A

↓ hallucinations

152
Q

1

Key S/S Delirium

A

Fluctuating level of consciousness

153
Q

1

What to report after a GI-scopy?

A

Cool, clammy skin

154
Q

1

TX for dry, shiny red skin after radiation therapy

A

Mild soap and water

155
Q

1

Somebody is trying to pull out his line?

A

See him first

156
Q

1

ADFX Valproic Acid

A

Jaundice

157
Q

1

Black beans, iron/fat content

A

high iron/low fat

158
Q

1

Amitriptyline (Tricyclic-Antidepressant/MAOI) 2 ADFX
▲ urine color
Foods to avoid
When to take

A

Dry mouth, Constipation
Blue-green urine
With/After food
Foods w/ Tyramine

159
Q

1

Eye drops procedure.
Time to wait between 2 different meds.
How long to push on lacrimus

A

close eyes for 1 minutes to instill
10 - 15 minutes
30 - 60 seconds

160
Q

1

Quality Improvement focuses on…?

A

Individual accomplishments

161
Q

1

Post-mortem care + Donation

A 
Notify doctors
Collect specimens
Removes tubes
Cleanse the body
Apply name tag
162
Q

1

Ecchymosis

A

bruising

163
Q

1

Type of group a nurse can lead at a Mental Health Clinic

A

Medication Education Group

164
Q

1

Fluoxetine (SRI) ADFX to report?

Time it starts after beginning TX.

A

Tremors (Serotonin Syndrome)

2 - 72 hrs after starting

165
Q

1

When to give Rh-Immune Globulin.

Time of gestation?

A

When Mom is negative and fetus is expected to be positive (could of recently aborted).
Give 28 weeks gestation
Within 72 hours of birth.

166
Q

1

Gout, what to avoid eating.

A

Purines

167
Q

1

RA TX of Edematous Joints

A

Cold Therapy

168
Q

1

GI Tube feedings
mL for intermittent feedings
mL for flush
How often?

A

250 mL
30 mL
q4hrs

169
Q

1

Where is the FHR detected during the 1st trimester?

A

Over the symphysis Pubis

170
Q

1

Intravenous Pyelogram, medication to take before test.

A

Laxative

171
Q

1

Bowel Protrusion Steps

A

Stay with and call for help
Place sterile gauze
Supine, hips/knees bent
Take vital signs

172
Q

1

Braxton Hick’s Contractions

When to expect them

A

False, irregular contractions, solved by walking

28 weeks gestation

173
Q

1

How to help a toddler adjust to hospitalization/reduce anxiety

A

Bring toys from home

174
Q

1

FIRST GEN - Antipsychotics (4) HFTR

A

Haloperidol (Haldol)
Fuphenazine
Thiothixene
Perphenazine

175
Q

1

Anticholinergic ADFX (5)

A 
Photophobia/Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Tachycardia
Constipation
Urinary Retention
176
Q

1

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome S/S (4)

A

▲ LoC
▲ BP
Dysrhythmias/Muscle rigidity
High grade fever

177
Q

1

Extrapyramidial Side Effects (EPSs) (2)

A

Akathisia

Tardive Dyskinesia

178
Q

1

Akathisia

A

Unable to sit/stand still (agitated)

179
Q

1

Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) S/S (3)

A

Lip smacking, speech disturbance, involuntary movement

180
Q

1

FIRST GEN - Antipsychotics HFTR
3 ADFX

What medications to avoid with use.

A

Neuromalignant Syndrome
Anticholinergic ADFX - so don’t use these too
EPSs

Levodopa

181
Q

1

SECOND GEN - Antipsychotics 2 suffixes + 2 examples + 1 outlier

3 ADFX

A

-apine + -idones
Risperidone and Clozapine — Aripiprazole

Hyperglycemia, Cholesterolemia, Anticholinergic ADFX

182
Q

1

Clozapine use, outside of the 3 regular ADFX, what else to monitor for/report?

A

↓ WBC (Agranulocytosis)

S/S infection = fever, sore throat, lesions of mouth

183
Q

1

Neostigmine (Cholinesterase Inhibitor) TX/2 ADFX

A

Myasthenia Gravis, Alzheimers, and Parkinsons by ↑ nerve impulses

Muscarine Stimulation = ↑ GI motility/secretions, urinary urgency and bradycardia, which can r/in a Cholinergic Crisis (respiratory depression)

184
Q

1

4 KEY Bad things to consume

A

Caffeine, Alcohol, Beer, Cigarettes

185
Q

1

3 KEY S/S infection

A

fever, sore throat, purulent discharge

186
Q

1

3 KEY S/S Muscarine Stimulation

A

↑ GI motility/secretions, urinary urgency, bradycardia

Capstone Round 2 (9 decks)

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