reduction and oxidation reducation Flashcards
what is a reaction which undergoes both reduction and oxidation called?
redox reduction
describe oxidation in terms hydrogen, electron and oxygen
oxidation undergoes
1: lost of hydrogen
2: lost of electron
3: gain in oxygen
describe reduction in terms hydrogen, electron and oxygen
reduction undergoes
1:gain in hydrogen
2; gain of electron
3: lost in oxygen
describe oxidation in terms of oxidation number
increase in oxidation number as a result of lost of electrons
describe reduction in terms of oxidation number
decrease in oxidation number as a result of gain in electrons
what are the 3 types of alcohols?
1-primary alcohol
2- secondary alcohol
3- tertiary alcohol
define primary alcohol
an alcohol which has one carbon attached to carbon bonded to hydroxyl group
define secondary alcohol
an alcohol which has 2 carbon attached to carbon bonded to hydroxyl group
define tertiary alcohol
an alcohol which has 3 carbon attached to carbon bonded to hydroxyl group
what functional group do ketones have?
a carbonyl group C=O
what functional group do aldehydes have?
C double bonded to O and single bond to H
what do primary alcohols oxidize to
1- aldehyde using a weak oxidant
2- carboxylic acid using a strong oxidant
an example of strong oxidant
KMnO4-pottasium permanganate
H2CrO4- chromic acid
what do secondary alcohols oxidize to?
ketones
why do primary alcohols oxidize twice
after the first oxidation, there will be another H bonded to carbon
c[OH][H]—>C[O][H]
why do tertiary alcohols not oxidize?
they do not have a hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom attached to OH
what is the oxidation number of a pure element?
0 eg: cl2
what is a reducing agent?
a substance which allows another substances to be reduced, by losing its electrons[oxidized]
what is a oxidation agent?
a substance which allows another substance to be oxidized, by gaining electrons[reduced]
what can ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids be reduced to?
aldehydes- primary alcohol
carboxylic acid-primary alcohol
ketones- secondary alcohol
what do alkenes and alkynes get reduced to?
alkane
what are alkynes?
hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
