bond breaking and bond formation Flashcards
in a rection, where can the reagent be placed?
on the right side of the arrow or above arrow
what is one step reaction called?
concerted reaction
what is a sequential reaction called?
stepwise reaction
what is an intermediate compound?
compound produced which is not the final product but is used further to produce final product
what is the intermediate compound as during the reaction?
reactive intermediate
what is used to represent a sequential reaction?
number above and below the arrow
eg: A [1] C—->[2]B gives AB+C
* c above arrow and b below arrow
A+C= intermediate compound X
intermediate compound X+B=AB+C
overall reaction: A+B—>AB
define heterolytic bond breaking
the more electronegative atoms takes both electron pairs in the bond resulting in one negatively and one positively charged ion
what is a full curved arrow?
arrow showing both electron move to one atom
what is a half head/ fish hook arrow?
arrow showing one electron moves to each atom
what is a carbocation?
a carbon atom that is positively charged as a result of losing bonding electron to a more electronegative atom
what is a carbanion?
a carbon that is negatively charged as a result of gaining the bonding electrons
what is a free radical?
molecule containing at least one unpaired electrons
eg: Cl- containing 7e- where one is unpaired
define homolytic bond breaking
covalent bond broken in a way where each atom gets one electron from the shared pair
are free radicals stable?
no, they are unstable
what happens to energy in bond breaking and bond formation
bond breaking-requires energy
bond formation- releases energy
