analytic chemistry Flashcards
what is analytic chemistry?
- deals with methods used in determining the composition of various material
what is qualitative analysis?
- process of identifying the material
what is quantitative analysis?
-process of quantification of material and determining purity of substance
what are the areas of chemical analysis?
1- identification
2- detection
3- quantification
4- separation
what are the classification of quantitative methods?
1- according to quantity to be analyzed
2-according to the technique
describe quantitative methods according to quantity to be analyzed
1- micromethods
: determination of quantities less than 1 mg
2- semi-micrometer
:determination of quantities ranging from 1-100mg
3-macromethods
:determination of quantities more than 100mg
describe quantitive methods according to the technique
1- volumetric and titrimetric methods
: analysis by volume
2- gravimetric methods
:analysis by weight
3- instrumental methods
what is instrumental method?
measures of physical property that is quantitavely related to concentration of material
what are the types of instrumental methods?
- electrochemical methods
-spectroscopic methods - seperation techniques
define volumetric or titrimetric analys
-a quantitative chemical analysis carried by determining the volume of solution of known concentration
which is required to react quantitively with measured volume of substance to be analyzed
what is standard solutions termed as?
- titrant
what are the types of reactions used in titremetric analysis?
1-neutralization methods[acid-base reaction]
2- precipitation reaction [precipitimetry]
3- complexe formation reactions [complexometry]
4- electron transfer reactions[ redoximetry]
what are the requirenments for quantitative titrimetric analysis?
1- reaction between sample and standard solution must be simple and can be represented by a chemical
equation
2- reaction must be instantaneous[ catalyst can be used]
3-substance to be determined should react completely with titrant in stochiometric manner
4- end point easily detected
what are electrolytes?
- substance when dissolved in water undergoes dissociation and allows solution to conduct electricty
what are non-electrolytes?
substance that does not form a conducting solution when dissolved in water as they do not ionize
what is a strong electrolye?
- substance when dissolved in water,dissociates to a high degree
what is a weak electrolyte?
- substance when dissolved in water that ionizes to a low degreee
what type of electrolye is NH4Cl?
- a strong electrolye salt
what type of electrolyte is NH3?
- a weak base electrolyte
what are examples of non-electrolyte?
-sugar
-glycerine
-ethyl acetate
what is formula for molarity?
M= moles of solute/volume of solution in liter
what is the formula for molality?
m= moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg
what is the formula for mass percent?
-mass percent= mass of solute/mass of solution * 100
what is the formula for volume percent?
- volume percent= volume of solute/voulme of solution*100
what is the mole fraction formula for A, in a,b,c
= A/A+B+C moles of A /total moles
what is the formula of normality?
normality=molarity* n, where n is the number of protons/hydroxide ions per formula unit
what is the formula for equivalent mass?
equivalent mass= molecular mass of acid or base or salt /by number of H+,OH- and total positive or negative charge
what is the formula for equivalents?
equiavalents= molecular mass/equivalent mass
what is the formula for strength of solution?
strength=mass of solute/volume of solution in liters
what is the formula of strength in terms of molarity?
strength=molarity* molecular mass
what is the formula of strength in terms of normality?
strength=normality* equivalent mass
what is the formula of normality? not N=M*n
normality= equivalents of solute/volume of solution in liters
what is the formula for equivalents, involving normality?
equivalents=normalityvolume in liter
milliequivalent=normality volume in ml
