Redox - Physical 1

Question 1

What is oxidation?

Answer 1

The loss of electrons
or
Gain of Oxygen (or any electronegative element)
or
Loss of Hydrogen (or any electropositive element)

Question 2

What is reduction?

Answer 2

The gain of electrons
or
Loss of Oxygen (or any electronegative element)
or
Gain of Hydrogen (or any electropositive element)

Question 3

What is an oxidising agent?

Answer 3

Species that gains electrons.

Question 4

What is a reducing agent?

Answer 4

Species that lose electrons.

Question 5

What are the half equations and the ionic equation for: SnO + Zn → ZnO + Sn

Answer 5

Half equations:
Sn2+ + 2e- → Sn
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-

Ionic equations:
Sn2+ + Zn → Sn + Zn2+

Question 6

Define oxidation state.

Answer 6

A number which represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound.
(If electrons are lost number is positive, if electrons are gained number is negative.)

Question 7

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in OF2 ?

Answer 7

[O] = +2 (Otherwise [O] = -2 in most other compounds)

Question 8

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in KH ?

Answer 8

[H] = -1
([H] = -1 is for metal hydrides. Otherwise [H] = +1 in most other compounds)

Question 9

What is the oxidation state of chlorine in NaClO ?

Answer 9

[Cl] = +1
(Otherwise [Cl] = -1 in most other compounds. NaClO is formed in a disproportionation reaction.)

Question 10

Define the term disproportionation?

Answer 10

Where in a redox reaction, the oxidation states of atoms of the same element, increase for some atoms, whereas decrease for some atoms.
(e.g. See topic 2.3 - Group 7(17), the halogens for examples in Uses of Chlorine)

Question 11

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus in PCl5 ?

Answer 11

[P] = +5

Question 12

What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia?

Answer 12

[N] = -3 (As ammonia is NH3)

Question 13

What is the oxidation state
of arsenic in AsO4 3- ?

Answer 13

[As] = +5

Question 14

What is the oxidation state of iron in K4Fe(CN)6?

Answer 14

[Fe] = +2

Question 15

Why is 1s22s22p5 a weaker reducing agent than 1s22s2 2p63s23p64s2 ?

Answer 15

The 2p electron is closer to the nucleus (smaller atom) than the 4s electron. Hence the nuclear attraction is stronger so the 2p electron is lost less easily than the 4s electron.

Question 16

What happens in a redox reaction.

Answer 16

● Electrons are transferred from one species (element) to another.
● One element is oxidised whilst another is reduced.

Question 17

Why is,
2CrO 2- + 2H+ → Cr O 2- + H O, 4272
not a redox reaction?

Answer 17

Chromium and hydrogen have the same oxidation state (no element is reduced and oxidised).

Question 18

oxidation states:

Answer 18

g1 = +3 THEN g3 etc accordingly

o = -2 (in peroxides -1 and in fluorine +1

H = +1

F = -1

cl = -1