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Chemistry > Polymers > Flashcards

Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is condensation?

A

Small molecule eliminated (usually H2O) to form a larger molecule

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2
Q

How many monomers are condensation polymers usually formed from?

A

two

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3
Q

What properties do these monomers forming condensation polymers have?

A

Each has two functional groups

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4
Q

Examples of condensation polymers?

A

Polyesters Polyamides Polypeptides

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5
Q

What is the linkage in a polyester?

A

ester linkage, check picture

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6
Q

What molecule is eliminated in formation of a polyester?

A

H2O

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7
Q

What are the two monomers which form a polyester (generic names and structures)?

A

Diol and dicarboxylic acid or a molecule with both alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional groups

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8
Q

Draw a generic repeating unit for a polyester

A

check

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9
Q

Which monomers is Terylene made from?

A

check

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10
Q

Draw the repeating unit of Terylene

A

check

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11
Q

What is Terylene used for?

A

As a fibre for making clothes

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12
Q

What is the linkage in a polyamide?

A

peptide linkage, check picture

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13
Q

Which molecule is
eliminated when a
polyamide is formed?

A

H2O

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14
Q

What are the two monomers used to form a polyamide (generic names and structures)?

A

Diamine and dicarboxylic acid

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15
Q

Examples of polyamides?

A

Nylon, Kevlar

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16
Q

Which monomers is Nylon-6,6 made from?

A

check

17
Q

Draw the repeating unit of Nylon-6,6.

A

check

18
Q

If you are making Nylon in the lab, what monomers would you use and why? What
molecule is eliminated?

A

Use hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as the rate of reaction is much faster. HCl is eliminated

19
Q

What is Kevlar used for?

A

In body armour (bullet proof vests, stab vests), helmets (e.g. F1 drivers’), oven gloves

20
Q

Which monomers is Kevlar made from?

A

check

21
Q

What is the repeating unit of Kevlar?

A

check

22
Q

Why is Kevlar so strong?

A

Rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings

23
Q

What are polypeptides? What is the linkage?

A

Same linkage as polyamides. But made from just one amino acid monomer

24
Q

Draw a dipeptide.

A

check

25
Q

Draw the repeating unit of a polypeptide.

A

peptide linkage, check picture

26
Q

Why are poly(alkenes) not biodegradable?

A

Non-polar C-H and C-C bonds

27
Q

Why is it bad to burn poly(alkenes)?

A

Releases CO2, CO, C (soot) and other toxic chemicals from monomers

28
Q

Where do most poly(alkenes) end up?

A

Landfill sites

29
Q

Why can condensation polymers be broken down?

A

They have polar bonds

30
Q

How are condensation polymers broken down?

A

Hydrolysis (opposite of condensation)

31
Q

Why does hydrolysis not happen in normal conditions?

A

Very slow rate in standard conditions

32
Q

What are the four stages needed when recycling polymers?

A

Collected → sorted → melted → reformed

33
Q

Advantages of recycling polymers?

A

Saves expense of crude oil and preserves a non-renewable resource
Reduces landfill

34
Q

Disadvantages of recycling polymers?

A

Energy and manpower is needed for collecting, sorting and melting the polymers, making it expensive.
Can only be done a limited number of times

35
Q

What does “draw the polymer” mean?

A

Draw with square brackets, n, and trailing bonds

36
Q

Draw with square brackets, n, and trailing bonds

A

Just draw the molecule, with trailing bonds - no brackets or n

37
Q

What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation?

A

Condensation makes the polymer and eliminates a small molecule; addition polymerisation breaks C=C to form only one product (just the polymer).

38
Q

Explain hydrogen bonding between polyamides.

A

Both C=O and N-H are polar bonds, as N’s electronegativity > H’s and O’s electronegativity > C’s.
Hydrogen bonding between H + and O - in different molecules
Uses the lone pair of electrons on the O atom.

39
Q

Why do polyesters not show hydrogen bonding?

A

All O-H bonds are removed during polymerisation

Chemistry (30 decks)

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