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RE GCSE > Redemption - Paper 1 > Flashcards

Redemption - Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How were Catholic churches built before 1965?

A
  • Facing east towards Jerusalem (city where Jesus died and rose again).
  • In the shape of a cross (as a reminder of Jesus’ death).
  • With the altar against the east wall; before 1965 the Mass was said by the priest in Latin with his back towards the congregation. This meant people didn’t feel involved in the service.
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2
Q

How were Catholic churches built after 1965? (after the Second Vatican Council)

A
  • Built to ensure that as many people as possible can see and join in with mass.
  • With the altar more towards the centre of the church and seats for the congregation were some or all the way around the altar.
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3
Q

Describe the lectern.

A
  • The reading stand from where Bible readings are given.
  • Readings from the Old Testament remind Christians how God guided his people from the beginning, while readings from the New Testament tell Christians about Jesus’ actions and teachings.
  • The lectern should be in a prominent place in church, so people can see and clearly hear the word of God.
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4
Q

Describe the altar.

A
  • The altar is a place of sacrifice, from where the bread and wine are offered to God at Mass.
  • Christ is truly present on the altar, offering to the Father on behalf of humanity.
  • In return, the Father strengthens the lives and faith of believers when they receive the Body and Blood of Christ in Communion.
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5
Q

Describe the Crucifix.

A
  • The crucifix is a model or image of a cross with Jesus crucified on it.
  • It reminds Chrisitans of the suffering that Jesus went through to save humanity.
  • It inspires gratitude for all that Christ has done for humanity, including the forgiveness of their sins.
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6
Q

Describe the tabernacle.

A
  • The tabernacle is a box where the consecrated Bread is kept after the Mass.
  • Houses the Real Presence of Christ and can inspire a deep sense of peace as it reminds Catholics that Christ is still caring for them.
  • Consecrated Bread that is saved up in the tabernacle can be taken to people who cannot attend Mass due to certain circumstances (e.g too ill).
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7
Q

What is the difference between an altar and table?

A
  • Altar is a place of sacrafice and thanksgiving whereas a table is where people eat from.
  • The use of an altar at Mass is a reminder that Christ’s sacrifice is being made again through the offerings whereas using a table at Mass reminds the congregation that the Mass is a re-enactment of the Last Supper.
  • At Mass, the congregation joins in with giving thanks for Christ’s sacrifice whereas Jesus, by giving himself in the form of bread and wine, gave his disciples a share in the effects of his sacrifice.
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8
Q

Describe the cross.

A
  • A cross without the figure of Christ on it.
  • A symbol of Christ’s victory over sin and death : Christ is not on the cross as he has risen.
  • Emphasises Jesus’ resurrection and the fact that Christians should be people of new life.
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9
Q

Describe the Risen Christ.

A
  • Focuses on Christ as the risen, glorified Saviour.
  • Reminds Catholics that in Holy Communion, they recieve the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of the Risen Christ.
  • Like the cross, the Risen Christ emphasises Jesus’ resurrection and how important this was.
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10
Q

Why did Jesus have to come? Explain the relationship between free will and sin.

A
  • God gave humans free will because God wants humans to actively choose him, rather than follow him because they can’t do anything else.
  • However, humans can use their free will to sin (which is any action or thought that rejects the will of God).
  • The Catholic Church teaches that all people are born with the tendency to commit sin; this inbuilt tendency is called original sin.
  • Sin has broken the relationship between God, humanity and the whole of creation.
  • God the Son became Jesus to help the relationship between humanity and God be restored.
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11
Q

How did Jesus’ death help restore the relationship between God and humanity?

A

Jesus lived his life in total obedience to the will of God the Father, both in life and through the sacrifice of his death.

This helped to restore the relationship between God and humans that had been broken by sin.

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12
Q

How did Jesus’ resurrection help restore the relationship between humanity and God?

A

As Jesus showed total obedience to the Father and never sinned, he was not held from God by death and sin.

This destroyed the ultimate power of sin and death and now people are able to overcome them, allowing them to be with God after they die.

Jesus’ resurrection also helped to restore the harmony of creation.

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13
Q

How did Jesus’ ascension help restore the relationship between humanity and God?

A

Jesus’ resurrection and ascension have helped restore the cosmic order, by making the whole of creation perfect as God intended it to be.

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14
Q

What was the significance of Jesus’ death?

A
  • Jesus’ death redeemed humanity through his total obedience to God and sacrificing himself for the sins of humanity.
  • Jesus also continued to show his love, even while he was suffering; for example, he forgave his executioners (Luke).
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15
Q

What was the significance of Jesus’ burial?

A

Christians also believe that when Jesus died and he was buried he joined everyone who had died before him. Christians believe this shows that God is with them even in death.

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16
Q

What was the significance of Jesus’ resurrection?

A
  • For Christians, Jesus’ resurrection made life after death possible by destroying the ultimate power of sin and death,
  • When Jesus was resurrected, all those who had died before him rose up to heaven with him.
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17
Q

What quote shows that Jesus’ resurrection is of central importance to the Christian faith?

A

“If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins” - Corinthians 1

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18
Q

What was the significance of Jesus’ ascension?

A
  • Shows that Jesus is with the Father, sharing his glory for all eternity.
  • Before Jesus ascended into heaven, he promised to send his Spirit to all people allowing Jesus to continue to work through his believers.
  • Jesus’ ascension gives believers faith that they will also be raised up into heaven, as Jesus promsied that all his people will follow where he has gone.
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19
Q

How is salvation shown in the past?

A
  • Jesus’ death and resurrection were essential to humanity’s salvation.
  • These events defeated the ultimate power of sin and death; it made it possible for people to enter heaven after death.
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20
Q

How is salvation shown in the present?

A
  • Salvation is an ongoing process.
  • Sin has not ceased to exist, so people still have to actively choose to accept salvation, by resisting the temptation to sin and accept forgiveness when they do sin.
  • The Holy Spirit guides people to work towards salvation.
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21
Q

How is salvation shown in the future?

A
  • Salvation will be completed at the end of time.
  • When the Kingdom of God is fully established, the power of sin and death will be completely destroyed.
  • This will be the final victory of God’s grace.
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22
Q

What event occurs in John 20? What does it suggest?

A
  • Event : Jesus was not recognized immediately when Jesus first appeared to Mary.
  • This suggests Jesus, while physically present, had entered a new creation.
  • Reflects the idea that redemption changed creation making it more perfect.
23
Q

What event occurred in Acts 1? What does it show?

A
  • Event : Jesus told his disciples they would be witnesses “to the ends of the earth”.
  • This shows us that the disciples were witnesses to Jesus’ redeeming work on Earth.
  • Jesus expected his disciples to continue to spread his teachings after he was gone, so everyone could accept and share in his redemption
24
Q

What event occurs in Acts 2? What does this suggest?

A
  • Event : On Pentecost, the apostles were filled with the Holy Spirit.
  • Gave courage and ability to go out and teach people about Jesus so they could accept his redemption.
25
Q

Explain St Irenaeus’ metaphor.

A
  • St Irenaeus uses the metaphor of the tree representing the tree of knowledge of good and evil and the cross.
  • His metaphor highlights the parallels between these two events which are : Adam and Eve disobeyed by eating from a tree, whereas Jesus obeyed God by dying on a tree;

Adam and Eve’s rejection of God broke humanity’s relationship with God, whereas, Jesus’ acceptance of God restored that relationship;

The tree of knowledge brought death, by seperating humans from God, whereas the tree of the cross brought life, by offering the possibility of eternal life in heaven to all people.

26
Q

Explain St Anselm’s metaphor.

A
  • Compared Jesus’ death with the idea of paying a ransom in the slave trade.
  • St Anselm said that after the fall of Adam and Eve, humanity became slaves to sin.
  • The only way to atone for this was by showing total obedience to God.
  • Through his total obedience to God, Jesus “paid the ransom” for the sins of all humans, allowing them to be freed from the effcts of sin.
27
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of St Irenaeus’ metaphor?

A
  • Helps to show the parallels between the fall of Adam and Eve and Jesus’ death.
  • Not all Christians agree with his interpretation of the story of Adam and Eve.
28
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of St Anselm’s metaphor?

A
  • Reflects the idea that many Christians see themselves as slaves or servants to Christ (no longer slaves to sin).
  • It is not clear who the “ransom” is paid to, and some Christians think this implies that there is someone greater than God.
29
Q

What is the meaning of conscience? Give a quote.

A
  • The voice of God in their heart and soul.
  • “Conscience is the most secret core and sanctuary of a man. There he is alone with God” - Gaudium et Spes 16
  • Shows us that the Church believes conscience is the voice of God, which prompts people to show love to others.
30
Q

What two sides does the conscience have?

A
  • Conscience made up of natural instincts : Church teaches that people are born with an understanding of right and wrong; this understanding helps to guide Catholics to instinctively do good and evil.
  • Conscience has to be educated : to develop your conscience you must listen to the Church’s teachings and Catholics can only do the right thing when they have enough knowledge to make the right decision.
31
Q

What does the Catholic Church teach about conscience?

A
  • People shouldn’t ignore what they believe God is telling them in their hearts
  • Natural law means that all people instinctively know what the right thing to do is
  • The Church’s teachings have been guided by the presence of the Holy Spirit for hundreds of years. These shouldn’t be ignored, even if a Catholic’s conscience tells them otherwise.
32
Q

In the introduction of the mass what happens? What does this mean?

A
  • Catholics come together to celebrate mass and apologise to God for their sins.
  • This strengthens their relationship with God, as they accept that God has forgiven them. Catholics also believe that Christ is present with them when they gather together.
33
Q

In the readings what happens? What does this mean?

A
  • At least two readings are given from the Bible, with always one taken from the Gospels.
  • The readings remind Catholics that God has guided his people. Through the Gospel, Jesus shows, through his words, God’s glory.
34
Q

In the offertory what happens? What does this mean?

A
  • The bread and wine are brought to the altar.
  • These are brought to God on behalf of the congregation, as a sign of thanksgiving.
35
Q

What happens during the Eucharistic Prayer and consecration?

A
  • During the Eucharistic Prayer, the priest repeats the words that Jesus had said in the Last Supper. At the end of this prayer, Jesus is truly present in the Bread and Wine.
  • The command to eat and drink enables Chrisitians to share in Jesus’ offering made to God on the cross.
  • The Mass renews the new covenant. This refers to the new relationship between God and humanity that was established when Jesus died on the cross.
36
Q

What happens in communion? What does this mean?

A
  • The priest offers the Bread and Wine to everyone in the congregation.
  • Catholics receive the Body and Blood of Christ thus binding them to Christ and the new covenant. They also receive God’s grace, which gives them the strength and guidance to resist sin and follow Jesus’ teachings.
37
Q

What happens at the end of Mass? What does this mean?

A
  • The priest blesses and dismisses the congregation.
  • Catholics leave the church to share the presence of Christ, so helping spread the Kingdom of God on earth.
38
Q

Why do Catholics believe that Mass is the “summit” of Chrisitian life?

A

The offering of Christ on the cross is the highest form of prayer to God; as Mass re-enacts Christ’s sacrafice, it is the highest form of prayer for a Christian.

39
Q

Why do Catholics believe that Mass is the “source” of Christian life?

A
  • Christ’s Body and Blood give life to the soul.
  • Offering the Mass on Sunday is a perfect way to “keep holy the Sabbath day”, as it celebrates the day of resurrection every Sunday.
40
Q

How do Orthodox Chrisitans understand the Eucharist?

A
  • Very similar understanding of the Eucharist to Catholics; they believe that Christ is fully present in the consecrated Bread and Wine.
  • The differences to Catholicism include the following : the eucharist is always celebrated with a community however, a Catholic priest can say Mass on his own;

more emphasis placed on symbolism and ritual;

the consecration takes place behind the iconostasis ( a screen that divides the holy part of the church from the congregation).

41
Q

How do Anglican Christians understand the Eucharist?

A
  • Many believe the Spirit of Christ is received when Communion is given.
  • Christ is spiritually present but the Bread and Wine do not literally become the Body and Blood of Christ.
  • Christ is present in the community that shares the Eucharist.
42
Q

How do the Quakers and Salvation Army understand the Eucharist?

A
  • Do not celebrate any form of the Eucharist.
  • Instead believe that Christ is present through the Spirit, who inspires their prayers and actions.
  • They do not practise the sacraments as they believe the whole life is a sacrament.
43
Q

How do Nonconformist Christians understand the Eucharist?

A
  • Believe that the Eucharist is a memorial of the Last Supper; this means its purpose is to remember the Last Supper and its importance.
  • Christ is present in particular in the Bible readings.
44
Q

What are the words of institution? What does it signify?

A
  • The words of institution are the words Jesus said in the Last Supper, which are repeated by the priest in the consecration of the bread and wine.
  • When these worda are said, the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ which is shown in the words “this is MY body”.
  • By taking Christ’s Body and Blood, his followers are able to share in the redeeming effects of his death and resurrection.
45
Q

What is the Agnus Dei? What does it signify?

A
  • The Agnus Dei is the prayer that is said shortly before Communion; it refers to the “Lamb of God” and recalls the Jews’ escape from Egypt.
  • The Last Supper was a Passover meal that celebrated the Jews’ escape from Egypt. In this the Jews had to kill a lamb and paint their doors with its blood to save themselves from the Angel of Death.
  • Jesus is the new Lamb of God, because the sacrafice of his death saved humanity from the ultimate power of death and sin. The Agnus Dei reminds Catholics of this.
46
Q

What is Eucharistic adoration?

A

Refers to adoring or honouring the real presence of Christ in the consecrated Bread and Wine.

47
Q

What is the Benediction?

A

This is a service where the consecrated Bread is put on display in a monstrance. The Real Presence of Christ is praised and the congregation are blessed with the Real Presence.

48
Q

How do churches inspire worship?

A
  • Statues of saints encourage and inspire Christians to follow their examples.
  • The care put into the design and decoration shows devotion to God, and helps people feel that God is respected.
  • Images like the Stations of the Cross inspire Christians to reflect on Jesus’ sufferings.
49
Q

What is the heavenly banquet?

A

The heavenly banquet is the victory celebration that will happen when salvation is complete. It is represented by the idea of everyone in heaven joining together for a meal.

The Mass is a chance to experience what the heavenly banquet will be like, inspiring Christians to work towards salvation in their everyday lives.

50
Q

Explain how Jesus is shown as the Example.

A
  • Mark 14-15 tells us how Jesus knew how much suffering his crucifixion would cause him, but still went through it.
  • Through showing total obedience to God, Jesus set an example for all people to follow.
51
Q

How is Jesus presented as the Restorer?

A
  • Jesus’ death restored the relationship between God and humanity.
  • Mark 15 tells us how, after Jesus died, the veil that seperated the holiest part of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, from the rest, tore in two. This shows that Jesus’ death broke down the barrier between God and humanity.
52
Q

How is Jesus presented as the Victor?

A
  • Mark 15 shows how Jesus experienced pain, suffering and death as a human.
  • By bringing the presence of God from these experiences, Jesus was victorious over them.
  • He made it possible for all people to share in the final defeat of suffering and death.
53
Q

Give four ways Christ is present in the Eucharist.

A
  1. In the Eucharist, the whole Christ is truly present - under the appearances of bread and wine.
  2. In the person of the minister.
  3. In the Word of God (readings)
  4. In the congregation

RE GCSE (11 decks)

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