RED FLAGS

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE KEY RED FLAGS FOR SPINAL PAIN

Answer 1

NEW ONSET OVER 50
ACUTE SPINAL PAIN LESS THAN 18
SIGNIFICANT TRAUM A
FEVER
NIGHT PAIN
GENITOURINARY SYMPTOMS
SYSTEMICALLY UNWELL
NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR CAUDA EQUINA

Answer 2

SENSORY CHANGE AND MOTOR WEAKNESS IN LOWER LIMBS
SADDLE SENSORY DUSTURBANCE
CHANGE IN SEXUAL FUNCTION
CHANGE IN BLADDER
CHANGE IN BOWEL
LBP
UNILATERAL/ BILATERAL LEG PAIN

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR CAUDA EQUINA

Answer 3

HERNIATED IVD
LUMBAR STENOSIS
SPINAL SURGERY

Question 4

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS FOR CAUDA EQUINA

Answer 4

CT OR MRI

Question 5

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS OF FRACTURES

Answer 5

XRAY MRI CT

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR BONE FRACTURES

Answer 6

PREVIOUS HX OF CANCER
OSTEOPOROSIS
CORTICOSETEROID USE
SEVERE TRAUMA
FEMALE
PREVIOUS SPINAL FRACTURE
HX OF FALL

Question 7

WHAT ARE THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MALIGNANCY

Answer 7

ALTERED SENSATION FROM TRUNK DOWN
NEURO SIGNS
BONY TENDERNESS
SEVERE PAIN THAT MAY BECOME PORGRESSIVE AND CONSTANT
UNREMITTING NIGHT OR NON MECHANICAL PAIN
SYSTEMICALLY UNWELL
THORACIC PAIN
UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS
UNFAMILIAR BACK PAIN

Question 8

WHAT IS THE RISK FACTOR FOR CANCER

Answer 8

PREVOIUS HISTORY

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS FOR MALIGNANCY

Answer 9

MRI
CT
BLOOD TESTS

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION

Answer 10

NEURO SYMPTOMS
RADICULOPATHY
BONY TENDERNESS
SPINAL PAIN
FATIGUE
FEVER
UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR INFECTION

Answer 11

IMMUNOSUPRESSION
INVASIVE SURGERY
IV DRUG USE
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
HX OF TB
RECENT PRE EXISTING INFECTION

Question 12

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS OF INFECTION

Answer 12

MRI
BLOOD TESTS
XRAY

Question 13

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CAD

Answer 13

ATAXIA
DYSPHAGIA
WEAKNESS
FACIAL PALSY
CONFUSION
DIZZINESS
DROWSINESS
HA
NECK PAIN
VISUAL DISTURBANCE
PARASTHESIA

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR CAD

Answer 14

RECENT TRAUMA
VASCULAR ANOMOLY
CURRENT OR PAST SMOKER
MIGRAINE
HIGHT CHOLESTEROL
RECENT INFECTION
ORAL CONTRACEPTION
FX OF STROKE

Question 15

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS OF CAD

Answer 15

NEURO EXAM
CT
MRI
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAM

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY

Answer 16

OVERT LOSS OF BALANCE IN RELATION TO HEAD MOVEMENTS
FACIAL LIP PARASTHESIA
BILATERAL OR QUADRILATERAL LIMB PARASTHESIA EITHER CONSTANT OR REPRODUCED BY NECK MOVEMENTS
NYSTAGMUS PRODUCED BY ATIVE OR PASSIVE NECK MOVEMENTS
PRODUCTION OR AGGREVATION OF SYMPTOMS DUE TO MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD AND NECK

Question 17

WHAT ARAE THE RISK FACTORS FOR CERVICAL LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY

Answer 17

TRAUMA
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
DOWNS SYNDROME

Question 18

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS OF CERVICAL LIGAMENTOUS INSTABILITY

Answer 18

XRAT
CT SCAN
MRI

Question 19

WHAT ARE THE COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SECONDARY HEADACHE DISORDERS (SNNOOP10)

Answer 19

SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS
NEOPLASM IN HISTORY
NEURO DEFICIT
OLD AGE
ONSET THAT IS SUDDEN
PATTERN CHANGE OF RECENT ONSET
POSITIONAL HA
PRECIPATED BY SNEEZING COUGHING OR EXERCISE
PAPILEDEMA
PROGRESSIVE HA
PREGNANCY
PAINFUL EYE
POST TRAUMATIC ONSET
PATHOLOGY OF IMMUNE SYSTEM (HIV)
PAINKILLER OVERUSE

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AN AAA

Answer 20

OFTEN NO NOTICEABLE SIGNS IN EARLY STAGES
ADVANCED STAGE PULSATING ABDOMINAL MASS, ABDOMINAL PAIN
RUPTURE = SUDDEN ONSET OF INTENSE PAIN, DROP IN BP, SHOCK

PERSISTENT BACK PAIN

Question 21

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR AN AAA

Answer 21

OVER 65
MALE
SMOKER
FAM HX
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
HTN
HIGH CHOLESTEROL
OTHER ANEURYSM

Question 22

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS FOR AN AAA

Answer 22

ABDOMINAL EXAM
ABDOMINAL US

Question 23

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AN ACUTE CARDIAC EVENT

Answer 23

SWEATING
PALLOR
BRADYCARDIA
TACHYCARDIA
SOB
FATIGUE
CHEST PAIN DISCOMFORT
PAIN RADIATING TO SHOULDER ARM AND JAW
UPPER ABDO DISCOMFORT
NAUSEA
VOMITING
DIZZINESS
PALPITATIONS

Question 24

WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR AN ACUTE CARDIAC EVENT

Answer 24

AGE OVER 50
ABTSI
FAM HX OF CVD
T2D
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND CHOLESTEROL
SMOKER
DIET HIGH IN SAT FAT SUGAR SALT OR ALCOHOL

Question 25

WHAT ARE THE COMMON INVESTIGATIONS FOR ACUTE CARDIAC EVENTS

Answer 25

ECG
BLOOD TEST
CHEST XRAY
ECHO
ANGIOGRAM
CARDIAC CT MRI

Question 26

WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR OSTEOPATHIC MANUAL THERAPY

Answer 26

TRAUMA INSTABILITY
BONE WEAKENING
SERIOUS NEURO PATHOLGY
CLINICAL FEATURES FO SERIOUS ILLNESS
INSTABILITY TO ESTABLISH A WDX
EXCESSIVE PAIN
LACK OF INFORMED CONSENT

Question 27

WHAT ARE THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN PERFORMING OMT

Answer 27

PT AGE, DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH STATIS
1ST TRI PREGNANCY, IMEDIATELY POST PARTUM
IND HERNIATION
GROSS DJ CHANGE
OSTEOPOROSIS
HYPERMOBILITY SYNDROME
CALCIFICATION OF THE AORTA
VASCULAR DISEASE
ACTIVE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (RhA, Gout)
PREV HX OF Ca
ACUTE OR CHRONIC SYSTEMIC DISEASE
LOCAL INFECTION
VERTIGO
LONG TERM STEROID THERAPY
ADVERSE REACTION TO PREVIOUS TREATMENT
PT WHO HAS RECENTLY BEEN TREATED OR HAD SURGERY
PT WHO IS CURRENTLY USING PAIN AND OR BLOOD THINNING MEDS
PT WITH A PSYCHALOGICAL DEPENDENCY ON TREATMENT
ABSENCE OF A PLAUSIBLE MECHANICAL EXPLANATION FOR THE PATIENTS SYMPTOMS