endochrine and git investigation Flashcards
what is a gastroscopy
inspection of teh stomach through the mouth and oesophagus
when is gastroscopy indicated
if change in management is probable based on results
as an alternative to radiographic studies
when a primary therapeutic procedure is contemplated
when is gastroscopy not indicated
when results wont contribute to management
for periodic follow up of a healed benign disease unless it is a surveillance of a premalignant condition
when is gastrosopy contraindicated
when there is a risk to the patients health
lack of pt cooperation
when perforated viscera is suspected
what pathologoes can be identified via gastroscopy
tumors
carices
mucosal inflammation
hiatal hernia
polyps
ulcers
obstructions
what is the most commonly used invasive diagnostic test for h pylori
rapid urease test
what happens in a rapid urease test
the biopsy specimen is combined with urea and the ph is measured
a rapid urease test is positive if
the ph of the medium becomes more alkaline `
what test is used to monitor hpylori post eradication
urea breath test
what does an ifobt test look for
immunochemical faecal occult blood test detects the presence of blood in the feces
what is the testing recommendation for the aus national bowel cancer screening program
every 2 years from 50
what is a colonoscopy
the inspection of the colon through the anus
colonoscopy indications include
positive ifobt test
unexplained iron deficiency anaemia
evaluation for more than 6 weeks frank bleeding
clinically significant altered bowel habits of more than 6 weeks
unexplained abdominal pain
unexplained weight loss
palpable abdominal or rectal mass
primary cancer of unknown origin
what indications of colonoscopy may indicate cholorectal neoplasia
positibe ifobt
frank rectal bleeding
clinically significant altered bowel habit
unexplained abdominal pain and weight loss
what are the risk factors for colon cancer
age, hx of gi cancer, abdominal pain, appetite loss, rectal bleeding, weight loss, anaemia of <11g/dl
what risk factor for colon cancer is more specific to men
high alcohol consumption
category 1 risk for bowel cancer means
ifobt every 1-2 years from age 45
category 2 risk for bowel cancer means
ifobt every 2 years from 40-50
colonoscopy every 5 years from 50-74
low dose aspirin
category 3 risk for bowel cancer measn
ifobt every two years from 35-45
coloscopy every 5 years from 45-75
low dose aspirin
what are the theraputic indications of a coloscopy
treatment of bleeding from lesions
foreign body removal
removal of polyp
what are the complications of coloscopies
difficulties with bowel preparation
complications with sedation or anasthesia
perforation
major haemorrhage
procedure resulting in death
what are the indications for LFT
history of paracetamol poisoning
jaundice
hx of alcohol abuse
ascites
fam hx of haemochromatosis
contact tracing for hepatitis
indigenous pts
illicit drug use
previous transfusion
malignancies
hypoxia
abnormalities in the levels of what markers indicate the inability of hepatocytes to function (liver failure etc)
bilirubin
albumin
total protein
what is cholestasis
reduced bile blow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or obstruction of bile flow
