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red flags Flashcards

1
Q

what are signs of infection? (vitals - temp, BP, pulse, respiratory rate)

A
  • Temp > 100.4 F
  • BP > 160/95 mmHg
  • Resting Pulse > 100/min
  • Resting Respiration > 25/min
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2
Q

for patients with nonspecific low back pain - diagnostic imaging (Should or Should Not) be obtained?

A

Should Not

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3
Q

for patients with low back pain with severe or progressive neurologic deficits - diagnostic imaging (Should or Should Not)be obtained?

A

Should

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4
Q

for patients with low back pain when serious underlying conditions are suspected on basis of history and physical exam - diagnostic imaging (Should or Should Not) be obtained?

A

Should

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5
Q

Red flag symptom: Pain is (intermittent or constant)?

and (related or unrelated) to position or movement

A

constant, unrelated to movement

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6
Q

Red flag symptom: Severe (day or night) pain (related or unrelated) to movement

A

night, unrelated to movement

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7
Q

Red flag symptom: Recent unexplained weight loss (or gain) > # lb

A

10 lb

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8
Q

Red flag symptom: History of (direct blunt or indirect) trauma

A

direct blunt

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9
Q

Red flag symptom: Appearance?

A

acutely ill, generalized weakness or malaise

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10
Q

Red flag symptom: Abdominal pain – especially radiation into…

A

groin, hematuria

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11
Q

Red flag symptom: Bowel or Bladder…

A

dysfunction/Saddle anesthesia

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12
Q

Red flag symptom: nvolving genitals

A

Sexual dysfunction, Recent menstrual irregularities

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13
Q

These symptoms refer (from or to) low back:
cancer
compression fracture
sacral stress fracture

A

from

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14
Q

These symptoms refer (from or to) low back:
acute spondylolisthesis
ankylosing spondylitis
central sensitization

A

from

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15
Q

These symptoms refer (from or to) low back:
vertebral infection
cauda equina

A

from

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16
Q

These symptoms refer (from or to) low back:
aneurysm
vascular claudication

A

to

17
Q

These symptoms refer (from or to) low back:
kidney stone
gastrointestinal
genital pathologies

A

to

18
Q

key features & recommended imaging: new onset low back pain with history of cancer

A

cancer, MRI

19
Q

key features & recommended imaging:
age >50yr
unexplained weight loss
failure to improve after 1 month

A

cancer, lumbosacral plain radiography

20
Q

key features & recommended imaging:
older age
history of osteoporosis
use of corticosteroids

A

compression fracture, lumbosacral plain radiography

21
Q

key features of compression fracture

A

older age, history of osteoporosis, use of corticosteroids

22
Q

key features of cancer

A

age >50yr, unexplained weight loss, failure to improve after 1 month, history of cancer

23
Q

key features:
Fever
IV drug use
Recent infection

A

Vertebral infection, MRI

24
Q

key features: Vertebral infection

A

Fever
IV drug use
Recent infection

25
Q

key features: Cauda equina syndrome

A

Urinary retention
motor deficits at multiple levels
fecal incontinence
saddle anesthesia

26
Q 
key features: 
Urinary retention
motor deficits at multiple levels
fecal incontinence
saddle anesthesia
LMN and/or UMN signs
unilateral or bilateral
A

Cauda equina syndrome, MRI

27
Q

key features:
Younger age <40yo (typically young adult male, hunched posture)
Morning stiffness
Improved with exercise
Alternating buttock pain
Awakening due to back pain during second half of night

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (form of arthritis, inflame spinal joints, bones are fusing), AP pelvis plain radiography

28
Q

key features: Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Younger age <40yo (typically young adult male 20-30s, hunched posture)
Reduced lateral mobility
Morning stiffness
Improved with exercise
Alternating buttock pain
Awakening due to back pain during second half of night

29
Q

key features: progressive motor weakness

A

Severe progressive neurological deficits, MRI

30
Q

key features: Severe progressive neurological deficits

A

progressive motor weakness

31
Q

5 types of cancer that commonly metastasize to the spine

A

Prostrate, Thyroid, Breast, Lung, Kidney

“PT Barnum Loves Kids” or PB Lead Kills The

32
Q 
Key features:
• Injection drug use
• Urinary infection
• Indwelling urinary catheter
• Skin infection
• Fever
Percussion tenderness
A

Infective spondylitis

33
Q

Key features:
• Age > 50
• Trauma
Corticosteroid use

A

Compression fracture

34
Q 
Risk factors:
recent infection
recent surgery of injections
immunocompromised - prolonged oral steroid use
drug use
sexual contact
diabetes
A

spinal infection

35
Q 
Presentation:
fever 
nigh sweats, pain
worsening despite care
tenderness over spinous process (not sensitive or specific)
A

spinal infection

-msk (28 decks)

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