hand

Question 1

what pathology?

• 2nd digit has a flexed metacarpophalangeal joint,
• hyperextended proximal interphalangeal joint,
• flexed distal interphalangeal joint

Answer 1

swan neck deformity

Question 2

what pathology?

flexion of the DIP joint.

Answer 2

Mallet finger

Question 3

what pathology?
tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis brevis EPB and abductor pollicis longus APL as they pass under the fascial sheath that covers the two tendons.

Answer 3

De Quervain

Question 4

what pathology?
PIP flexion
DIP extension

Answer 4

Boutonniere deformity

Question 5

what pathology?

Eichoff’s test will reproduce the symptoms of pain near the styloid process of the radius.

Answer 5

De Quervain syndrome

Question 6

what pathology?

localized pain that would increase with direct pressure of the cyst.

Answer 6

Ganglion Cyst pain

Question 7

what pathology?
superficial radial nerve entrapment that causes numbness of the anatomical snuffbox throughout the dorsum of the hand
(not be motion dependent)

Answer 7

Wartenburg’s syndrome

Question 8

power grip position

Answer 8

wrist slight extension
ulnar deviation
finger flexion
object against palm of hand

Question 9

types of power grips

Answer 9

cylindrical
fist - thumb overlaps fingers
spherical - ball, need thumb opposition
hook grasp - 2-4 fingers, hold handle

Question 10

types of precision grips

Answer 10

• digital prehension, 3 finger pinch, 4 point chuck- hold pencil, tip of thumb/index/middle fingers, need thumb opposition
• tip prehension, tip pinch- need thumb opposition, thumb and another finger, thread needle
• lateral prehension- key

Question 11

typical cause varied Grip strength force production (over 20%) in a test-retest situation using a grip dynamometer.

Answer 11

patient is not exerting maximal effort

Question 12

goniometer position thumb carpometacarpal abduction/adduction

Answer 12

sit forearm and hand on supporting surface

axis: lateral radial styloid process
stationary: lateral midline 2nd metacarpal
moving: lateral midline 1st metacarpal

Question 13

what bones involved in thumb carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 13

1st metacarpal

trapezium

Question 14

goniometer position thumb carpometacarpal flexion/extension

Answer 14

sit forearm and hand on supporting surface

axis: palmar 1st carpometacarpal joint
stationary: vertical midline radius, reference ventral surface radial head and radial styoid process
moving: ventral midline 1st metacarpal

Question 15

what deformity? thumb - metacarpophalangeal MCP - flexion with interphalangeal IP - hyperextension

Answer 15

boutonnierre

In RA - chronic synovitis eventually forces the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint into a flexed position.

Question 16

what deformity? thumb - metacarpophalangeal MCP - hyperextension
interphalangeal IP - flexion
cause?

Answer 16

swan neck

osteoarthritis

Question 17

what deformity? digits
PIP jt - hyperextension
DIP joint - flexion
cause?

Answer 17

swan neck

rheumatoid arthritis or trauma.

Question 18

what deformity? digits
PIP jt - flexion
DIP jt - extension
cause?

Answer 18

boutonnierre

Question 19

what deformity? digits
abnormally flexed resting position of the DIP joint
cause?

Answer 19

mallet finger
typically results from loading trauma to the tip of the finger causing either an avulsion or forced stretch of the extensor tendon.

Question 20

what deformity?
contracture of the palmar fascia of the hand which results in a flexion deformity of involved MCP and PIP joints.
- most commonly affects the fourth and fifth digits.

Answer 20

Dupuytren contracture