Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

How do we diagnose the cause of Acute Red Eye?

A

We base it on pain, redness, discharge & vision

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2
Q

What are the causes of acute red eye?

A
  • Uveitis
  • Conjunctivitis (Bacterial, viral, allergic)
  • Scleritis
  • Acute (closed angle) Glaucoma
  • Keratitis/Corneal Ulcer
  • Orbital Cellulitis
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3
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the thin vascular membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid and the sclera

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4
Q

What are the types of conjunctivitis?

A

Bulbar - affects conjunctiva over the sclera

Palpebral - affects conjunctiva on inside of lids

(Can be both)

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5
Q

What is the presentation of Conjunctivitis?

A
  • No pain
  • Peripheral & diffuse redness
  • Vision unaffected
  • Discharge
    Bacterial = Pus
    Viral = Watery
    Allergic = Mucous
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6
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the middle vascular layer of the eye (ciliary body, iris & choroid)

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7
Q

How does uveitis present?

A
  • None/mild irritation
  • Pericorneal Redness
  • No Discharge
  • Blurred Vision
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8
Q

What are the types of Uveitis?

A

Ant - Iris
Intermediate - Ciliary Body
Post - Choroid
Panuveitis

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9
Q

What are the specific signs of anterior & intermediate uveitis?

A

Anterior

  • Inflammatory cells leak from iris into Aqueous humor
  • > Hazy cell filled Ant chamber and Hypopyon (cells settled inferiorly in ant chamber)

Intermediate

  • Inflammatory cells leak from ciliary body in Vitreous Humour
  • > Patient has hazy vision or “floaters”
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10
Q

Causes of Uveitis?

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Systemic Disease, often autoimmune (SLE/Sarcoid)
  • Infection (TB, CMV, Herpes Simplex, Syphilis)
  • Masquerade
    Not actually uveitis e.g. intraocular lymphoma or leukaemia
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11
Q

Treatment of uveitis?

A

Depends on cause

  • Systemic Steroids
  • Systemic Immunosuppresants
  • Infection treatment
  • Topical Anti-inflammatories
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12
Q

How does scleritis present?

A
  • Severe Boring type pain
  • Diffuse redness
  • Normal vision
  • No discharge
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13
Q

How does Acute angle closure glaucoma present?

A
  • Severe pain & headache
  • Vomiting
  • Fixed mid-dilated pupil
  • Pericorneal Redness
  • Vision loss
  • Possible discharge
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14
Q

What causes acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

Some event triggers closure of the angle in a predisposed eye leading to a back up of aqueous humor –> Raised IOP

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15
Q

How does a corneal abrasion or ulcer present?

A
  • Severe pain on eye closing
  • Pericorneal redness
  • Possible discharge
  • Visual loss
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16
Q

What are the types of eye cellulitis?

A

Preseptal

Orbital

17
Q

What causes both types of cellulitis?

A

Preseptal cellulitis:
- Lid cyst or insect bite

Orbital Cellulitis
- Sinusitis & Dental Infection

18
Q

How do the types of cellulitis present?

A

Severe Pain
Redness
Lid Swelling

Orbital Cellulitis also causes diplopia, blurred vision, limited extra ocular eye movements and Exophthalmos (outward bulging of the eye)