Paediatric ENT - Laryngology Flashcards
What causes most sore throats?
Tonsilitis
Explain the microorganisms causing tonsilitis?
If bacterial - Most likely Beta Haemolytic Strep (e.g. Strep Pyogenes)
If Viral - Most likely EBV (Epstein Barr)
What are the major complciations of tonsillitis?
Quinsy - A peritonsillar Abscess
Glomerulonephritis - due to strep spread
How do we treat quinsy?
Drainage and Abx
How do we treat tonsillitis?
Supportive Care
Antibiotics
What makes children more prone to airway issues than adults?
- Short neck
- Narrow Subglottic Issues
- Larger tongue, tonsils and epiglottis relative to rest of airway
What would you expect to see in the history of a child with laryngeal airway problems?
- History of Foreign Body
- Recent Illness
- Stridor (Inspiratory)
- Feeding Issues
List some common pediatric laryngeal problems
Epiglottitis
Laryngomalacia- poorly developed voice box
Neck Abscess
Lumps:
- Thyroglossal cyst
- Branchial Cyst
- Cystic Hygroma
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy
What is a cystic Hygroma?
Large cyst like cavities of lymphatic tissue, contains lymph
How do we manage epiglotitis?
Airway support
IV Abx +/- Steroids
What is laryngomalacia?
Poor/late development of the laryngeal cartilages.
Causes the cartilage to collapse as you breath so yo end up with stridor, more often when laying prone
How do we handle laryngomalacia?
If its not causing them problems we leave it as the cartilage usually develops eventually.
