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Mariam Head & Neck > Adnexal Oncology > Flashcards

Adnexal Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is adnexal?

A

Adnexal means appendages, medically it refers to orbit, eyelids and lacrimal system

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2
Q

What are the categories of Adnexal tumours?

A

Eyelid

Orbital (including lacrimal)

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3
Q

What are the common types of benign eyelid tumours?

A

Squamous cell Papilloma

& Basal Cell Papilloma

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4
Q

What are the common types of malignant eyelid tumours?

A 
90-95% Basal Cell Carcinoma
(Split into nodular, ulcerative & Infiltrative)
2-5% are squamous cell carcinoma
1-2% are sebaceous Gland Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma
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5
Q

How we tell between different benign eyelid tumours?

A

Squamous cell papillomas may be pedunculated or sessile & have a raspberry texture

Basal Cell Papillomas are greasy, brown, flat and oval/round

Melanocytic Naevus are asymmetrical, irreuglar bordered, variegated in colour and growing.

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6
Q

How do we tell between different types of malignant eyelid tumour?

A

Basal cell carcinomas are non-pigmented & elevated with a pearly, rolled irregular border and telangectasia.
Can be nodular, ulcerative or infiltrative

Squamous cell carcinoma is a scaly surface over thick plaque, growing in weeks rather thanmonths and arises from pre-existing actinic keratosis (rough scaly patch from sun damage)

Sebasceous gland Carcinomas are yellowish due to lipid content and cause blepharitis and recurrent chalazion

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7
Q

What are blepharitis and chalazion?

A

Blepharitis - Inflammation around the edge of the eyelids

Chalazion is a swelling in the oily glands due to blockage from inflammation

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8
Q

What structures can be involved in an orbital tumour?

A

Lacrimal gland
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Nerves
Blood Vessels

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9
Q

What are the common types of orbital tumours?

A

Benign:

  • Capillary Hemangioma
  • Cavernous Hemangioma
  • Pleomorphic Adenoma
  • Optic Nerve Glioma

Malignant:

  • Lymphoma
  • Metastases
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Liposarcoma
  • Primary Melanoma
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Mariam Head & Neck (25 decks)

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