Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ophthalmology > Red Eye > Flashcards

Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What condition is seen here?

In paediatrics, what is ususally the cause?

A

Orbital cellulitis

Sinus infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What condition is seen here?

These are usually of no great significance unless they are what?

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The eyelids are important in ocular defence. What are some of their functions?

A

Blink reflex

Meibomian secretions: oily, and act as tear film stabilisers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some structures of the eye which are important in defence?

A

Eyelids

Tears

Conjunctiva

Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tears are important in defence, what are some of their functions?

What are some causes of reduced tears?

A

Mucus trapping, and the production of lysozyme, immunoglobins IgA and IgG and complement

Connective tissue diseases, especially Sjogren’s, and also radiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the only acute condition which involves increased pressure?

A

Acute closed angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If patients have the sensation of a foreign body in the eye, where does this suggest the pain is coming from?

If the patient has an achy pain, where does this suggest the pain is coming from?

A

Intra-ocular problem

Referred pain from intra-ocular inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When patients have a red eye associated with persistent visual loss, what conditions could this suggest?

A

Acute closed angle glaucoma, uveitis, corneal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acatoemeba?

What does it do?

Who is it seen in?

A

A parasitic microbe

Eats the keratocytes in the cornea and is non-responsive to any antibiotics

Associated with contact lens wear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blepharitis is inflammation of where?

It can be one of two types, what are these?

A

The eyelids

Anterior or posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of blepharitis is seen here?

What are the two different types of this?

A

Anterior

Sebrorrhoeic (squamous) = scales on the lashes

Staphylococcal = infection involving the lash follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A lid margin redder than the deeper part of the lid describes which type of blepharitis?

Redness in the deeper part of the lid, with the margin often looking normal describes which type of blepharitis?

A

Anterior

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of blepharitis is this?

What causes it?

A

Posterior

Meibomian gland dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give 3 symptoms of blepharitis?

A

Gritty eyes

Feeling of foreign body sensation

Mild discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blepharitis has associations with which 3 other causes of red eye?

A

Conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lid margin is red, lots of scales, dandruff, no ulceration, unaffected eyelids- what type of blepharitis is this?

Lid margin is red, lashes are distorted/lost/ingrowing (trichiasis), ulcers on the lid margin, corneal staining- what type of blepharitis is this?

A

Anterior, seborrhoeic type

Anterior, staphylococcal type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior blepharitis has an association with what other condition in 50% of cases?

A

Rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

A

Lid hygiene

Supplementary tear drops

Oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 main symptoms of conjunctivitis?

What othe symptoms may there be if it is an allergic type?

Is vision affected in conjunctivitis?

A

Red eye, foreign body sensation, discharge

Itch

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is bacterial conjunctivitis papillary or follicular?

What is the treatment?

A

Papillary

Self limiting and will clear in 14 days, topical chloramphenicol will clear it quicker

21
Q

What are the causes of follicular conjunctivitis?

A

Viruses

Chlamydia

Drugs

22
Q

Chronic conjunctivitis can last how long?

What are some causes?

A

Weeks - months

Blepharitis, chlamydia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, lacrimal disease, subtarsal foreign body

23
Q

What is keratitis?

What are the 3 layers of the cornea from outer to inner?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

Epithelium, stroma, endothelium

24
Q

Corneal ulcers which are central are usually a result of what?

Corneal ulcers which are peripheral are usually what kind?

A

Infection

Autoimmune

25
Q

Give 5 symptoms of corneal ulcers?

A

Pain (needle like)

Photophobia

Profuse lacrimation

Possible reduced vision

Red eye

26
Q

Infection with what can decrease corneal sensation?

A

Herpes virus

27
Q

What are 4 signs of corneal ulcers?

A

Redness

Abnormal corneal reflection

Corneal opacity

Hypopyon

28
Q

What type of corneal ulcer is this?

A

Bacterial

29
Q

What type of ulcer is this?

A

Herpes simplex dendritic ulcer

30
Q

What type of corneal ulcer is this?

A

Autoimmune

31
Q

What is exposure keratitis?

What are some causes?

A

Keratitis due to dryness of the cornea from incomplete/inadequate eyelid closure

Thyroid eye disease, CNVII palsy

32
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

In what condition is this mostly seen?

A

Dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea

Sjogren’s

33
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause keratitis?

A

Vitamin A

34
Q

What investigation should be used for a corneal ulcer?

A

Corneal scrape for gram stain and culture

35
Q

What is the treatment for a corneal ulcer caused by…

A) Bacteria?

B) Virus?

C) Autoimmune?

A

A) Ofloxacin hourly

B) Aciclovir 5x daily

C) Steroids

36
Q

What are some autoimmune causes of anterior uveitis?

A

Reiter’s syndrome, AS, UC, sarcoidosis

37
Q

What are some infective causes of anterior uveitis?

A

TB

Syphillis

Herpes Simplex

Herpes Zoster

38
Q

What malignancy may cause anterior uveitis?

What are some rarer causes of anterior uveitis?

A

Leukaemia

Idiopathic, traumatic

39
Q

Anterior uveitis involves inflammation of where?

A

Iris, choroid and ciliary body

40
Q

What are some symptoms of anterior uveitis?

What is this often misdiagnosed as?

A

Pain, reduced vision, red eye, photophobia

Conjunctivitis

41
Q

What are the treatment options for anterior uveitis?

When should it be investigated?

A

Topical steroids and mydriatics

If recurrent or chronic, investigations for an underlying systemic disease should occur

42
Q

What is this sign known as?

What forms this?

In what condition may this be seen?

A

Keratic precipitates

Inflammatory cells stuck on the back of the cornea

Anterior uveitis

43
Q

Is episcleritis common?

Is it associated with serious conditions?

What condition can it be associated with?

How is it treated?

A

Yes

No

Gout

Self-limiting, can give topical NSAIDs, lubricants and mild steroids

44
Q

Is scleritis a serious disease?

What conditions is it associated with?

Is it painful?

What other eye condition can it be associated with?

A

Yes

Systemic conditions such as RA or GPA

Yes

Anterior uveitis

45
Q

How is scleritis treated?

A

Oral NSAIDs, steroids and steroid sparing agents

46
Q

What condition is this?

A

Scleritis

47
Q

What condition causes red eye and may present with severe pain causing nausea and vomiting. The pupil is fixed and dilated and the eye is stony hard?

A

Acute closed angle glaucoma

48
Q

What condition is seen here?

A

Acute closed angle glaucoma

49
Q

Which cases of red eye must be referred urgently?

A

If they are affeting vision or causing marked photophobia

Ophthalmology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions