Recunstruction And Gilded Age Terms Flashcards
Apaches
A tribe of native Americans who live/lived in the southwestern United States, Geronimo was an Apache.
Billy the kid
An outlaw in the late 19th century in New Mexico, who claimed to have killed over 20 people. He himself was shot and died at the age of 21. His real name is uncertain.
Buffalo Bill
William F. Cody, a frontier, settler, scout, and soldier of the 19th century. He was involved in several military actions against Native Americans. He later turned to entertainment founding “wild West show“
Carpet baggers
Northerners who went south after the Civil War to take part in reconstruction governments, when persons who had supported the confederacy were not allowed to hold public office. Some of them arrived, according to legend, carrying only two carpet bags, which implied their lack of permanent interest in the place. They pretended to serve.
Chief Joseph
Chief of Oregon’s Nez, Pierce Indians, who let his people in the 1870s on a desperate attempt to reach Canada rather than submit to force surrender to US truths just south of the border he said “hear me my chief, I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. Far from where the sun now stands, I will fight no more”
Chinese exclusion act of 1882
A federal law passed in response to complaints by workers on the West Coast that competition from Chinese immigrants was driving down their wages and threatening white “racial purity“ it’s suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years and declared Chinese immigrants in eligible for nationalization as American citizens. The law was renewed again in 1892 for another 10 years, and in 1902 Chinese immigration was permanently banned immigrant didn’t become eligible for citizenship until 1943.
The communist manifesto
(1848) a book in which Karl Marx and Frederick Engel proclaimed the principles of communism. It ends, “workers of the world unite.”
Crazy horse
A Sioux chief of the 19th century. Crazy horse was one of the leaders of the Native American forces at the battle of Little Bighorn in 1876.
Cluster’s last stand
The defeat of colonial George egg cluster and his cavalry detachment by a lot of Native Americans at the battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. Cluster had been pursuing a group of Sioux led by sitting bowl, who had risen in arms against settlements of the country. Cluster underestimated his forces. That were supported by Cheyenne Warriors. Cluster and all of his soldiers in his column died.
Dr. Livingstone I presume?
Words are allegedly spoken by the British explorer Henry Stanley when in 1871 he finally found the long missing explorer/missionary David Livingstone in Africa.
Frederick Engels
A German socialist of the 19th century who collaborated with Karl Marx on the communist manifesto and on das kapital.
James A. Garfield
A republican party political leader of the 19th century who was president in 1881. After only a few months, he was assassinated by a man who was mad because he didn’t receive a public job under this system. His death gave momentum to the drive to abandon the spoil system.
Geronimo
An Apache leader of the 19th century and early 20th century. A brave and unrelenting warrior, Geronimo was among the last to lead Native Americans against settlers. He took two farming at the end of his life.
Wild Bill Hickok
A frontier settler, and US Marshall of the 19th century. Known for his pursuit of some of the worst outlaws of the old West. Like his friend Buffalo Bill/Cody, he was a writer for the pony express in his youth.
James Jesse
An outlaw of the 19th century. Jesse, his brother Frank, and their gang committed many daring robberies of banks and trains, especially in the 1870s. After a reward for his capture; one of his own gang shot him in the back and claimed the money.
Andrew Johnson
Political leader of the 19th century. He was elected vice president in 1864. Became president after Abraham Lincoln‘s death in 1865. Johnson was one of two presidents to be impeached. The House of Representatives charged him with illegally dismissing a government official. The Senate fired him, and he was acquitted by only one vote.
Kentucky Derby
The most famous American horse race, held each spring at Churchhill Downs racetrack in Kentucky.
Ku Klux Klan (kkk)
A secretive society dedicated to the supremacy of white people in the US. It began in the south during reconstruction, and they attempted to terrorize the southern blacks and carpetbaggers who had replaced Southerners in positions of power. The clan regained strength in the 1920s and again in the 1960s, but it is now diminished. Its aim to preserve “pure Americanism“ it has attacked Jews and Roman Catholics and immigrants and communists. It’s primarily opposed to equal rights for Black people. And has often engaged in violence with them. Plans men wear white hoods, and ropes. The leaders are called grand Dragon, grand cyclops, and imperial wizard. They would burn across outside of victim’s home to intimidate them. They would Lynch people if necessary.
Lynch laws
The punishment of supposed criminals, especially by hanging by agreement of a crowd and without genuine criminal trial. It was using the early settlement of the west as a way of maintaining minimal law and order before a sheriff and courts could be set up. It has also been used to deprive unpopular Suspects of their rights and satisfy a mob’s thirst for vengeance. It was often used by whites in the south to terrorize and subjugate blacks, KKK.
Karl Marx
A German scholar of the 19th century. The founder of Marxism, the fundamental theory of communism. He did the das kapital, and the communist manifesto. With help from Frederick Engels, He lived outside Germany, most of his life, notably, London, where he wrote desk. He organized the first International in the 1860s.
Meiji restoration
A turning point in Japanese history in 1868 when the last Shogun was overthrown and the emperor assumed direct control over the nation. The following Meiji . 1868 through 1912 was marked by Japan’s opening to the west ,and the establishment of strong centralized government.
Reconstruction
The period after the Civil War, when all the states were unified. During which the south was divided into military district. For the supervision of elections to set up new state governments. These often included carpetbaggers, as former officers of the confederacy weren’t allowed to serve in them. The new government made three amendments number 13, which outlawed slavery 14 keeping the former confederacy members from being part of government and 15 which let Black people vote. The end of this. Came in 1877 when the last troops were withdrawn from the south.
Republican party
One of two major political parties in the US. It began in 1854. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president in 1860. During reconstruction they wanted to punish the south for its former slavery and it’s succession from the US. The northern Republicans supported carpetbaggers. After reconstruction, they supported a high Protective tariff. The party supported the Spanish American war. And the expansion of territory overseas. Some were part of the progressive movement. Of the early 20th century. In the 1920s, the party reestablished its reputation for supporting businesses and as being wary of the expansion of government in natural life. The party is often called the GOP, which stands for grand old party. This party symbol is an elephant.
William H Stewart
Political leader of the 19th century. Was Secretary of State under President Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He is best known for purchasing Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 million.
Sharecropping
A system of farming that developed in the south after the civil war. When landowners, some former slave owners didn’t have cash to pay wages to farm laborers, many of whom former slaves. The system called for dividing the crop into three shares, one for the land owner, one for the worker, and one for whoever provided seeds, fertilizer, and equipment.
Sioux
A common name for the Dakota people, a tribe of Native Americans inhabiting the northern Great Plains in the 19th century they were warriors who fought against the settlement of their hunting grounds, and their sacred places in the 19th century. In 1876 their Warriors led by chief sitting ball and commanded in the field by chief, crazy horse, overwhelmed the US cavalry at the battle of Little Bighorn. A group of Sioux under chief big Bigfoot were massacre, occurred by US troops at wounded knee in 1890.
Sitting bull
I Native American leader of the Sioux tribe in the late 19 century. He was a chief and medicine man when the Sioux took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains. And against US Army troops. He was present at the battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, when the Sioux decisively defeated the cavalry led by colonel George cluster.
Spoils system
The practice of appointing applicants to public offices as a reward for their loyalty to the political party and in power. The term comes from a senator in the 1830s saying “to the victor belong the spoils“ reform of the spoils system commenced in the 1880s with the introduction of Merit as the basis to appoint to office.
Transcontinental railroad
A train route across the US. Finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies the union Pacific built from the east and the central Pacific built from the west. The two lines met in Utah. Central Pacific workers were primarily Chinese. The union Pacific workers were primarily Irish. Both groups often worked under harsh conditions.
William Marcy Tweed
A New York City, political leader, known as “boss tweed” who in the late 1860s ran a network of corrupt city officials named the “tweed ring” under Tweed “city officials exhorted kickbacks from contractors and others doing business with the city. His name is synonymous with municipal corruption.
