American High Terms Flashcards
Henry Aaron
A baseball player on the 20th century; he hit a record 775 home runs in his major league career, which ran from 1954 to 1976. The previous record holder was Babe Ruth who hit 714.
Beatniks
A member of the “beat“ movement in the United States in the 1950s. Beatniks frequently rejected middle class, American values, customs, and tastes in favor of radical politics and exotic, jazz, art, and literature. The movement was often classified as bohemian. The poet Allen Ginsburg, and the novelist Jack Kerouac examples of authors.
Brown versus board of education
A case regarding school disintegration, decided by the Supreme Court in 1954 the court ruled that segregation in public schools is prohibited by the constitution. The decision ruled out “separate but equal” educational systems for blacks and whites, which many localities said they were providing the court departed from tradition by using arguments from Scientology to show that separate educational systems were unequal by their very nature.
Cuban missile crisis
A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest“ periods of the Cold War. The Soviet leader, Nikita Cruz, placed Soviet military missiles in Cuba, which had come under Soviet influence after the success of the Cuban revolution three years earlier. President John F. Kennedy of the United States set up a naval blockade of Cuba and insisted thatremove the missiles. He did so.
Dwight D. Eisenhower. IKE.
A general and political leader of the 20th century. A supreme commander in Europe of the forces of the allies during World War II, he directed the invasion of Normandy on D-Day and led in the overthrow of the Nazi government of Germany. He later organized the military military forces of the northern Atlantic Treaty organization. In 1952 his popularity was so high that both the Democrats and the Republicans wanted him for a presidential candidate, but he chose the Republicans. Space “I like IKE“ was a popular slogan of his campaign. He defeated the Democratic candidate, Adela Stevenson in both 1952 and 1956. His office, he negotiated the end of the Korean War and generally pursued moderate policies his years as president were marked by increasing prosperity at home, although the Cold War with the Soviet Union continued abroad. Richard Nixon was Eisenhower‘s vice president.
GI bill
A law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the Armed Forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to person’s honorably discharged from the armed force.
Billy Graham
An American evangelist of the 20th century. Graham began conducting religious revivals in the 1940s and calls his meetings, which he has held around the world, Crusades for Christ.
Great society
The name President Lyndon Johnson gave to his aims in domestic policy. The programs of the great society had several goals, including clean air and water, expanded educational opportunities, and the lessening of poverty and disease in the United States.
I have a dream
A phrase from the most celebrated speech by Martin Luther King Jr., delivered at a large rally in Washington DC in 1963 to supporters of the civil rights movement. King stress, the importance of nonviolent resistance and vividly painted his vision of a better future for people of all colors in the United States.
Iron curtain
The former division between the communist nations of eastern Europe, the eastern block, and the non-communist nations of western Europe. The term refers to the isolation that the Soviet Union imposed on its satellite in the eastern block and to repressive measures of many eastern block governments.
The expression iron curtain was coined by Winston Churchill, who was Prime Minister of Britain in World War II. Churchill first use the tiramisu after the war when the Soviet Union was beginning to carry out its plans for post war dominance of Eastern Europe.
Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ)
A democratic party political leader of the 20th century, who was president from 1963 to 1969. Johnson wrote the power in the Senate. He was elected vice president in 1960, running with John F. Kennedy, and became president after Kennedy was assassinated. Known for his Extra extraordinary, political skill, Johnson guided many of Kennedy’s new frontier projects through Congress, including the voting rights act of 1965. He also started his own set of domestic programs, known as the great society, which included the war on poverty. In 1965, Johnson began a sharp increase in American military involvement in the Vietnam war, which took resources away from the great Society and opposed by many of his fellow Democrats. Greatly frustrated by his difficulties over the war in Vietnam, he declined to run for the reelection in 1968.
Johnson, a Texan, often tried to protect an image of love tree, and sometimes course, rancher.
John F Kennedy (JFK)
A Democratic Party political leader of the 20th century; US president from 1961 to 1963. His election began a period of great optimism in the United States. In his enrolled address, he challenged the nation, “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.“ Kennedy brought the United States out of the Cuban missile crisis and negotiated the nuclear test band treaty of 1963 with Britain and the Soviet Union. He was also responsible for the disastrous attempt to invade Cuba at the bay of pigs. Kennedy‘s domestic policies were called a new frontier; strongly supported space exploration, and the civil rights movement. His presidency ended with his assassination on November 22, 1963, apparently by Lee Harvey Oswald, who allegedly shot Kennedy as a president wrote in an open car throughout Dallas. Kennedy’s death was more throughout the world.
At the age of 43, Kennedy was the youngest person to be elected president in American history. Is administration was known for dazzling, stylish quality, partly because of his elegant wife, Jacqueline Kennedy, and partly because Kennedy himself was young, handsome, and eloquent.
Martin Luther King Jr.
An African-American clergy and political leader of the 20th century; the most prominent member of the civil rights movement. King became famous in the 1950s and 60s through his promotion of nonviolent methods of opposition to segregation, such as boycott of segregated city, buses, or sit ins at lunch counters that would not serve Black people. His “letter from bring him jail” defended his kind of direct, nonviolent action as a way of forcing people to take notice of injustice. King helped organize the march on Washington in 1963 that drew hundreds of thousands of supporters of civil rights to Washington DC for a mass rally at this March he described a possible future of Rachel Harmony in his famous speech, which had the refrain “I have a dream.“ In 1964, he received the Nobel prize for peace. King was assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968.
King was born January 15, 1929 a national holiday each January, Martin Luther King day, commemorate his life.
Korean War
A war, also called the Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist, democratic people’s republic of Korea (North Korea) the war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations declared North Korea the aggressor and sent military aid to South Korea. President Harry S. Truman declared the war a “police action“ because he never asked Congress to pass an official declaration of war. He thereby established a precedent for president Lyndon Johnson, who committed troops to the Vietnam war without ever seeking a congressional mandate for his action.
General Douglas MacArthur commanded the United Nations troops, who are mostly from the United States. The tide turned against North Korea with the landings at Lynch “and it’s into the north; but reinforcements from the People’s Republic of China soon allowed the North Korean to regain lost territory. In 1953 with neither side having a prospective victory, a truce was signed. In this course of war, President Truman removed MacArthur from his command for insubordination.
Malcolm X
An African-American play leader of the 20th century. A prominent black Muslim, Malcolm X expanded the groups viewpoint in a book written by Alex Hallie, the autobiography of Malcolm X. He was assassinated in 1965.
New frontier
A slogan used by President John F. Kennedy to describe his goals and policies. Kennedy maintained that, like the Americans of the frontier in the 19th century, Americans of the 20th century had to rise to new challenges, such as achieving equality of opportunity for all.
Nuclear testing
The testing of nuclear weapons.
Newman Berg trials
Trials of Nazi leaders conducted after World War II. A court set up by the victorious allies tried 22 former officials, including Herman Goring, in Newman Berg, Germany, for war crimes. And 11 others were sentenced to death. Many of the highest officials of Nazi Germany, including Adolf filter, Joseph Gobell, and Henrich Himler, had committed suicide before they could be brought to trial, and Goring killed himself before he could be executed.
Several of those accused that the Newman trials offered the defense that they were merely carrying out the orders of their superiors. This defense was not accepted.
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
The wife of President John F. Kennedy, popularly known as Jackie, Kennedy, and leader, as Jackie O. The public admired her as an elegant, first lady, whose beauty, sense of style, and interest in the art set apart from other first ladies, her stoic demeanor at the time of her husband‘s assassination enhanced her standing with the public. In 1968, she stunned the nation by marrying Greek shipping magnet Aristotle Onassis, who was many years, her senior.
Lee Harvey Oswald
The presumed assassin of President John F. Kennedy. Oswald allegedly shot Kennedy from a high window of a building building in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963, as Kennedy wrote down the street in an open car. Oswald was captured the day of the assassination, but was never tried; two days after Kennedy‘s death, as Oswald was being moved by police, a nightclub owner from Dallas, Jack Rudy, shot and killed him. A government commission led by chief JusticeEarl Warren concluded later that Oswald, although active in communist causes, was not part of a con conspiracy to kill Kennedy. Many have questioned the findings of the commission.
Rosa Parks
A black seamstress from Montgomery, Alabama who in 1955, refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery city bus to a white person, as she was legally required to do. Her treatment after refusing to give up her seat, led to a boycott of the Montgomery, buses by supporters of equal rights for Black people. This incident was the first major confrontation in the civil rights movement.
Jackie Robinson
An African-American athlete of the 20th century. In 1947, he became the first black person to play baseball in the major leagues.
Sit-ins
A form of nonviolent protest, employed during the 1960s in the civil rights movement and later in the movement against the Vietnam war. Incident demonstrators occupy a place open to the public, such as our racially segregated, lunch counter or bus station, and then refuse to leave. Siddens were designed to provoke arrest and thereby gain attention for the demonstrators cause.
The civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr. defended such tactics as sentence in his “letter from bring him jail.”
Harry S. Truman.
A political leader of the 20th century. A democrat, Truman was president from 1945 to 1953. In 1944, after representing Missouri in the Senate, Truman was elected vice president under Franklin D Roosevelt, and became president when Roosevelt died. He led the nation and the final months of World War II and made the decision to drop at atomic bombs on Hiroshima in Nagasaki in Japan. Truman enthusiastically supported the United Nations and put forward the Marshall plan to aid the recovery of Europe after the war, he sent American troops to support the United Nations in the Korea war, and, in a controversial move, removed General Douglas, MacArthur from his commanding Korea.
Truman‘s homespun, often fleece style of leadership made him a symbol of no nonsense middle America. People often encouraged him to follow his own preferences in vocabulary with the words give them each word, Larry Harry assign on his desk read the bus stops here he was also fond of saying if you can’t stand the heat get out of the kitchen. Truman gained a Surprise victory in the presidential election of 1984 of the republican candidate Thomas E Dewey on the day of the election, several commentators had confidently asserted that Truman could not win, and the Chicago tribune had gone to press with a huge headline reading “Dewey defeats Truman” Truman discussed these errors with great relish the next day.
