recombinant DNA technology

Question 1

a description of a clone

Answer 1

a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce.

Question 2

The first step in cloning a gene is to

Answer 2

b. Isolate the DNA from the organism that contains the desired gene

Question 3

3. Plasmids are put into bacterial cells by

Answer 3

d. Transformation

Question 4

4. Restriction enzymes

Answer 4

c. Make staggered cuts at specific sequences in DNA in both donor DNA and plasmid

Question 5

5. DNA ligase enzyme joins the cohesive ends of the desired DNA fragment with the cohesive ends of the plasmid

Answer 5

a. True

Question 6

6. Which of the following statements about the process of cloning is not true
   valence. ……………..

Answer 6

d. Cloning produces a completely identical copy of an organism.

Question 7

7. Select the wrong statement about plasmids ?
   a. It is extrachromosomal
   b. It is double stranded
   c. Its replication depends upon host cell
   d. It is closed and circular DNA

valence……………………

Answer 7

Its replication depends upon host cell

Question 8

8. Conjugative plasmids

Answer 8

c. Carry transfer genes called the tra genes

note conjugative plasmid is a plasmid that is transferred from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation.

Question 9

9. Differentiate between plasmid and vector

Answer 9

• Plasmid is a small circular extrachromosomal DNA structure that replicates independently from chromosomal DNA in bacteria that carries foreign DNA molecules while
• Vector is a DNA fragment that carries foreign DNA molecules into the host cell for cloning purposes. E.g: plasmid, cosmid, bacteriophage, etc

Question 10

Define “Cloning”

Answer 10

Cloning is a technique used to create exact genetic copies of genes, cells, or animals.

Question 11

State three types of cloning

Answer 11

• Gene cloning: Involves creating copies of genes or DNA segments.
  - Reproductive cloning: Involves creating copies of the whole organism.
  - Therapeutic cloning: Involve in creation of embryonic stem cells.

Question 12

Host cells that contain recombinant DNA are called……………

Answer 12

transformed cells

Question 13

Some recombinant plasmids containing human DNA are inserted back into the bacterial cell (host cell) by the process called …………………………..

Answer 13

transformation

Question 14

process of producing many copies of the gene of interest in the transformed cell through culture is called…………

Answer 14

amplification

Question 15

what is a genomic library

Answer 15

is the collection of total genomic DNA from a single organism, the DNA is stored in the population of identical vectors, each containing different insert DNA.

Question 16

A clone carrying the gene of interest can be identified with……………………… having a sequence complementary to the gene; the process called ………………………….

Answer 16

1. nucleic acid probe

2. nucleic acid hybridization

Question 17

what is a probe and what its use?

Answer 17

a probe is a nucleic acid that is complementary to the gene of interest.
it is used in the screen inorder tp identify the gene of interest in the genomic library.

Question 18

difference between blunt end and sticky end?

Answer 18

blunt end are made by restriction enzymes where it leaves no unpaired bases on each end while sticky end are made by restriction enzymes so that it leaves unpaired ( 2 to 4 bases ) bases at each end of DNA.

Question 19

what bond does restriction enzymes cut?

Answer 19

phosphodiester bond

Question 20

DNA fragment acted upon by the same restriction enzyme has ………… sticky ends

Answer 20

complementary

Question 21

enzymes that seal two complementary sticky ends are called

Answer 21

DNA ligase

Question 22

complementary DNA/ cDNA

Answer 22

is is made by cloning the DNA made in reverse transcription of all mRNA produced in the cell.

Question 23

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 23

is process of producing many copy of target DNA using taq polymerase

Question 24

steps of PCR.

Answer 24

1. denaturing, heat the target DNA at 94 degree Celsius for 1 min to unwind DNA to produce single strand of DNA,.
2. annealing, mix single strands with primers and cool to 45 degree Celsius for 1 min to anneal.
3. extension: add taq polymerase and raise temperature to 72 degree Celsius for 1 min. to get new double stranded DNA.
   on double stranded DNA produce, two double stranded DNA in short period of time.

Question 25

application of PCR.

Answer 25

1. Amplification of DNA