Recitation Week 9 Review

Question 1

What is the difference between SNS and HPA axis stimulation?

Answer 1

SNS has an immediate onset, for a short duration with conspicuous effects while the HPA axis has a delayed onset, a longer duration and inconspicuous effects.

Question 2

The PVN of the hypothalamus can be stimulated by two main tracts, they are?

Answer 2

The amygdala which is via the SNS route or the Brainstem + BNST + other hypothalamic nuclei which is via the HPA route

Question 3

What is the SNS route?

Answer 3

Amygdala -> PVN -> pre-ganglionic neurons (SNS) to the post-ganglionic neurons or the adrenal medulla

Question 4

What is the HPA route?

Answer 4

Brainstem/BNST/other hypothalamic nuclei -> PVN -> Anterior Pituitary -> Adrenal cortex

Question 5

What NT’s or Neurohormones are released from the SNS route?

Answer 5

ACh is used from the PVN to stimulate the pre-ganglionic neurons which can either stimulate the post-ganglionic neurons which release NE or the adrenal medulla which release epinephrine

Question 6

What NT’s or neurohormones are released in the HPA route?

Answer 6

The PVN releases CRF which stimulates the Anterior Pituitary gland which releases ACTH which stimulates the adrenal cortex which releases CORT

Question 7

What would happen to CRH, ACTH and CORT if you lesioned the PVN?

Answer 7

CRH <
ACTH <
CORT <

Question 8

What would happen to CRH, ACTH and CORT if you removed the anterior pituitary?

Answer 8

CRH >
ACTH <
CORT <

Question 9

What would happen to CRH, ACTH and CORT if you removed the adrenal gland?

Answer 9

CRH >
ACTH >
CORT <

Question 10

What cell bodies produce NE, where do their axonal projections go to and what are they involved in?

Answer 10

NE is produced by the locus coeruleus
Their axonal projections go everywhere
And is involved in pretty much everything

Question 11

What cell bodies produce 5 HT, where do their axonal projections go to and what are they involved in?

Answer 11

5 HT is produced by the cell bodies in the Raphe Nucleus, has axonal projections everywhere and is involved in pretty much everything

Question 12

What cell bodies produce DA, where do their axonal projections go to and what are they involved in?

Answer 12

DA is produced in two main locations and cell bodies, 1 = the SN, 2 = the VTA (MLS), the axonal projections from the SN are to the Caudate and Putamen while the axonal projections from the VTA are to the PFC and NAc, the SN DA neurons are involved with voluntary movement while the VTA DA neurons are involved with reward and motivation

Question 13

What cell bodies produce ACh, where do their axonal projections go to and what are they involved in?

Answer 13

ACh is produced by cell bodies in the PMT complex and the Basal Forebrain, the axonal projections from the PMT complex are to the basal forebrain while the axonal projections from the basal forebrain are to the cortex, and the ACh neurons from the PMT complex are involved in sensory relay while the ACH neurons from the basal forebrain are involved in learning & memory

Question 14

Bonus question #2: what types of receptors do DA neurons have?

Answer 14

GPCR’s from the D1 and D2 subtypes along with autoreceptors (2 and 3)

Question 15

Bonus question #1: what types of receptors do ACh neurons have?

Answer 15

GPCR’s that are muscarinic ionotropic neurons that are nicotinic

Question 16

Bonus question #3: what types of receptors do 5 HT neurons have?

Answer 16

GPCR’s + Autoreceptors along with Ionotropic 5 HT3 subtype

Question 16

Bonus question #4: what types of receptors do NE neurons have?

Answer 16

GPCR’s that are a1, a2, Beta along with Auto a2 receptors