Assignment 7 Review

Question 1

1: What distinguishes a hormone from a neurotransmitter?
Group of answer choices
a) The biochemical structure of the chemical determines whether a chemical is a hormone or a neurotransmitter
b) Hormones are released into the blood stream to reach their target cells, whereas neurotransmitters are released into the synapse
c) Only neurotransmitters are released from their cells via exocytosis
d) Only neurotransmitters can bind to G-protein coupled receptors

Answer 1

b) Hormones are released into the blood stream to reach their target cells, whereas neurotransmitters are released into the synapse

Question 2

3: Once a hormone binds to its receptor, it is able to exert its effects onto the cell by (Select all that apply):
Group of answer choices
a) Generating intracellular cascades that result in changes in protein activity
b) Altering gene expression of that cell
c) Allowing depolarization or hyperpolarization

Answer 2

A & B:
a) Generating intracellular cascades that result in changes in protein activity
b) Altering gene expression of that cell

Question 3

2: Which type of hormone binds to receptors that are located inside the cell? Select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
a) Peptide hormones
b) Amine hormones
c) Steroid hormones

Answer 3

C - steroid hormones

Question 4

4: Where are hormones produced and secreted from?
a) Endocrine gland*
b) Endocrine cell
c) Median eminence
d) All over the brain
e) Blood vessels

Answer 4

b) Endocrine cell

Question 4

5: What is required for oxytocin to be released?

a) Hypothalamic neurons synapse onto the median eminence
b) Parvocellular neurons in the hypothalamus must fire an action potential
c) As soon as oxytocin is synthesized, it is passively released into the blood stream
d) Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus must fire an action potential

Answer 4

d) Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus must fire an action potential

Question 5

6: Consider the steps required to release an effector hormone from an endocrine gland. Where do parvocellular neurons release their neurohormones?

a) Posterior pituitary
b) Median eminence
c) Anterior pituitary
d) Portal blood system

Answer 5

b) Median eminence

Question 6

7: Consider the steps required to release an effector hormone from an endocrine gland. How do neurohormones released from the parvocellular neurons reach their target cell?

a) Portal blood system
b) General blood circulation
c) Neurotransmission
d) Blood vessels of the posterior pituitary

Answer 6

a) Portal blood system

Question 7

8: Consider the steps required to release an effector hormone from an endocrine gland. What effect do neurohormones have on the anterior pituitary?

a) Cause the release of neurohormones
b) Cause the release of oxytocin and vasopressin
c) Cause the release of neurotransmitters
d) Cause the release of tropic hormones

Answer 7

d) Cause the release of tropic hormones

Question 8

9: Consider the steps required to release an effector hormone from an endocrine gland. Where are the tropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary released?

a) Into the general blood circulation
b) They are transported directly to their target organ
c) None of the above
d) Into the portal blood system

Answer 8

a) Into the general blood circulation

Question 9

10: Consider the steps required to release an effector hormone from an endocrine gland. What effect do the tropic hormones have once they reach their target cell?

a) Cause the production and release of effector hormones
b) Cause the production and release of tropic hormones
c) Cause the production and release of oxytocin and vasopressin
d) Cause the production and release of neurohormones

Answer 9

a) Cause the production and release of effector hormones

Question 10

11: Which of the following hormones are released into the general circulation, allowing it to target cells throughout the body? Select all that apply.

a) Tropic hormones released from the posterior pituitary
b) Neurohormones released from the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus
c) Neurohormones released from the parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamus
d) Effector hormones released from endocrine glands
e) Tropic hormones released from the anterior pituitary

Answer 10

B, D & E:
b) Neurohormones released from the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus
d) Effector hormones released from endocrine glands
e) Tropic hormones released from the anterior pituitary

Question 11

12: How do hormones affect behavior? Select all that apply.

a) Hormones affect the central nervous system that can then contribute to behavior
b) Hormones affect the sensory systems that can then contribute to behavior
c) Hormones directly affect behavior
d) Hormones affect the motor systems that can then contribute to behavior

Answer 11

A, B and D:
a) Hormones affect the central nervous system that can then contribute to behavior
b) Hormones affect the sensory systems that can then contribute to behavior
d) Hormones affect the motor systems that can then contribute to behavior

Question 12

13: Behavior can influence the production and release of hormones.

True
False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

14: Which of the following is/are true about peptide hormones? Select all that apply.

a) Their receptors are located on the surface of their target cells
b) Their receptors are G-protein coupled receptors
c) They are released via exocytosis
d) They can cross the blood-brain barrier
e) They require a carrier protein to be transported through the blood circulation
f) They are produced on demand (e.g., production begins only when the endocrine cell receives a signal)
g) Their receptors can serve directly as transcription factors

Answer 13

A, B & C:
a) Their receptors are located on the surface of their target cells
b) Their receptors are G-protein coupled receptors
c) They are released via exocytosis

Question 14

15: Which of the following is/are true about steroid hormones? Select all that apply.

a) They can cross the blood-brain barrier
b) They are released via exocytosis
c ) Their receptors are G-protein coupled receptors
d) Their receptors can serve directly as transcription factors
e) Their receptors are located on the surface of their target cells
f) They are produced on demand (e.g., production begins only when the endocrine cell receives a signal)
g) They require a carrier protein to be transported through the blood circulation

Answer 14

A, D, F & G:
a) They can cross the blood-brain barrier
d) Their receptors can serve directly as transcription factors
f) They are produced on demand (e.g., production begins only when the endocrine cell receives a signal)
g) They require a carrier protein to be transported through the blood circulation

Question 15

16: How do steroid hormones affect their target cell? Select all that apply.

a) They can directly decrease gene expression
b) They can directly increase gene expression
c) They generate a post-synaptic potential
d) They can open ion channels in the target cell

Answer 15

A& B:
a) They can directly decrease gene expression
b) They can directly increase gene expression