recitation 9

Question 1

wild type alleles

Answer 1

most prevalent version of a gene in a wild population

Question 2

polymorphism

Answer 2

> 1 common allele considered to be wild-type

Question 3

mutant allele

Answer 3

less common version of a gene

Question 4

recessive

Answer 4

protein is not as effective - less functional protein - most random mutations

Question 5

dominant

Answer 5

effect phenotype with one copy

Question 6

3 types of dominant

Answer 6

1. gain of function
2. dominant-negative
3. haplo-insufficiency

Question 7

incomplete penetrance

Answer 7

when they old the dominant gene but it does not express in the phenotype, not penetrating the population

Question 8

incomplete dominance

Answer 8

phenotype of heterozygote is intermediate of homozygous dominant and recessive individuals
ex. pink flower

Question 9

co-dominance

Answer 9

multiple alleles are expressed in a heterozygote, each allele encodes a functional protein but they are different in sequence
ex. abo blood type

Question 10

overdominance

Answer 10

heterozygote more vigorous than the two homozygous

Question 11

types of over dominance

Answer 11

1. disease resistance
2. homodiner formation
3. variation in functional activity

Question 12

sex-influenced alleles

Answer 12

dominant in one sex/ recessive in other

Question 13

sex limited alleles

Answer 13

expressed in only one sex

Question 14

lethal alleles

Answer 14

mutations from efficient genes, result in lethality and can be conditional

Question 15

pleiotropy

Answer 15

single gene has multiple effects on the phenotype of an organism

Question 16

gene interactions

Answer 16

can have multiple effects on phenotypes

1. epistasis
2. complementation
3. modifying genes
4. gene redundancy

Question 17

extranuclear inheritance

Answer 17

inheritance patters chloroplasts and mitochondria are most commonly inherited from female parent (via egg)