Recap amino acids and proteins Flashcards
What are the two types of Stereoisomerism ?
Geometric Isomerism - rotation prevents double bonding
Optical Isomerism - non- super?. Mirrior image
Explain R groups?
The rest of the chain could be anything -i.e.- R groups vary in amino acids
Explain Long straight chain aliphatic?
2-3 carbon side makes it hydrophobic
| | | |
-c-c-c-c- Makes molecules
| | | |. Makes them twist
What is Amine and Primary amine?
Alcohol/hydroxyl - Primary amine has Nitrogen
Amine- Oxygen - important has oxygen
Explain the functional group Alkaline?
- Double bonded, Normal energy’s won’t change configurations
- Double bond allows us to see RETANIN.
What dose the Phenyl group allow for?
Allows for swirl of molecules
Explain the functional group Carboxylic acid?
- Joined with amine makes amino acids - properties of the two keeps PH in body at correct balance (buffers)
- Can give up hydrogen amine can accept
Explain Geometric Isomerism CIS AND TRANS?
When the body wants to respond to a stimuli
Assist groups match TRANS at opposite sides CIS at different sides
Can assist and transfer, single bonds can rotate easily DBL can.
Explain Optical isomers?
- Can change at different temperatures, changes properties of molecules.
- CHIRAL - mirror images
- Simple has 4 diff groups attached to a central carbon atom
- Carbon atom knows as the CHIRAL CENTRE can create an isomer
All amino acids are (L) why?
They are all L as sugar tends to be D dees eat L more energy efficient as they won’t have to produce their own L’s
What are proteins for?
1) Calalysis for DNA Polymerase
2) Transport - hemoglobin trasports 02 in the body
3) Structure - of collegen( connective-tissue) Keratine in hair nails
4) Motion of muscles i.e. Use of myosin and actin
What are amino acids the right molecule for the functions that proteins need to preform?
- They can form polymers (long chains) can make different shapes from polymers
- They can act as buffers and regulate PH within the body
What is the structure of Aa’s ?
R
| COOH
NH2- CH
What is the R group in Glycine why is it significant?
Glycine has a hydrogen atom in the position of an R-group, dose not have a side chain (hydrophilic and non polar)
No chiral centre
Which are the simplest amino acids, which are there side groups?
H.
NH2 - CH - COOH
GLYCINE
CH3
| NH2 - CH - COOH
ALANINE
BOTH non polar + charged R groups are Methyl and Hydrogen
Name the amino acid which is unique in that the alpha amino group is attached directly to the side chain; forming a ring and making the alpha carbon a direct substituent to the side chain??
Proline it helps to form a secondary structure, two folding next to each other could form a beta pleated sheet
Why is protein important?
Important as it is capable of folding back on its self?
What would be the characteristics of an animal acid that is, Aliphatic?
R-groups are non polar, hydrophobicity increase its increasing number of C atoms .
What would be the characteristics of an amino acid that is polar but uncharged ?
Usually hydrophilic, polar functional groups in the side chain
Can form hydrogen bonding with water so capable of interacting with water
What would be the characteristics of an amino acid that is, positively charged?
Will contain amine groups
What would be the characteristics of an amino acid that is negatively charged ?
Will contain carboxylic acid groups
Draw glycine that has a Acidic PH?
H
H2N-CH-COOH
Draw glycine with a AlkelinePH ?
HN3-CH-COOH.
In acid alkaline will take an acid becoming +
Explain Glycine with a Neutral PH?
Changes depending on environment it is in
Zwitterion can be + and - charged at the same time
