Recalls 5 - NP2 Flashcards
1
Q
Situation: Nurse Chae Song-hwa is conducting research on the effectiveness of a new wound care protocol in a hospital setting. She needs to collect various types of data to analyze the results effectively.
- Nurse Chae Song-hwa is collecting data on the different categories of wounds (e.g., surgical, traumatic, pressure ulcers). What type of data is this?
A. Interval
B. Ratio
C. Nominal
D. Ordinal
A
C. Nominal
2
Q
- Nurse Chae Song-hwa records the pain levels of patients on a scale from 1 to 10. What type of data is this?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
A
B. Ordinal
3
Q
- Nurse Chae Song-hwa measures the weight of patients before and after implementing the new wound care protocol. What type of data is ‘weight’?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
A
D. Ratio
4
Q
- Nurse Chae Song-hwa collects data on patients’ ages to determine the average age of those participating in the study. What type of data is age?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
A
D. Ratio
5
Q
- Nurse Chae Song-hwa uses a thermometer to measure patients’ body temperatures. What type of data is body temperature in Celsius?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
A
C. Interval
6
Q
Situation: Nurse Song Hye-kyo has recently been promoted to a nurse manager position at her hospital. She is responsible for overseeing a team of nurses and ensuring efficient and effective patient care.
- Nurse Song Hye-kyo is setting specific goals for her nursing team and developing strategies to achieve them. Which function of management is she performing?
A. Controlling
B. Planning
C. Directing
D. Organizing
A
B. Planning
7
Q
- Nurse Song Hye-kyo is allocating tasks and coordinating the activities of her team to ensure that patient care is delivered efficiently. Which function of management is she performing?
A. Planning
B. Controlling
C. Organizing
D. Directing
A
C. Organizing
8
Q
- Nurse Song Hye-kyo is inspiring her team to adhere to the new wound care protocol and providing support to ensure they are motivated. Which function of management is she performing?
A. Planning
B. Controlling
C. Organizing
D. Directing
A
D. Directing
9
Q
- Nurse Song Hye-kyo is reviewing patient care reports and evaluating the performance of her nursing team to identify areas for improvement. Which function of management is she performing?
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Controlling
A
D. Controlling
10
Q
- Nurse Song Hye-kyo is recruiting new nurses to join her team, ensuring they are properly trained and competent in their roles. Which function of management is she performing?
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Controlling
A
C. Staffing
11
Q
Situation: Nurse Son Ye-jin has recently been promoted to the position of head nurse in a busy emergency department. She faces the challenge of managing a diverse team of nurses, each with different levels of experience and expertise. Nurse Son Ye-jin values open communication and seeks to create an environment where every team member feels empowered to contribute to decision-making processes.
- Which type of leadership is Nurse Son Ye-jin demonstrating by involving her team in decision-making?
A. Democratic leadership
B. Autocratic leadership
C. Transactional leadership
D. Laissez-faire leadership
A
A. Democratic leadership
12
Q
- What leadership style is Nurse Son Ye-jin likely employing during critical situations when she motivates her team to perform at their best?
A. Transactional leadership
B. Transformational leadership
C. Servant leadership
D. Charismatic leadership
A
B. Transformational leadership
13
Q
- Which type of leadership is characterized by Nurse Son Ye-jin’s emphasis on creating an environment where collaboration and trust thrive?
A. Laissez-faire leadership
B. Transactional leadership
C. Transformational leadership
D. Servant leadership
A
D. Servant leadership
14
Q
- In what leadership style does Nurse Son Ye-jin empower her team by providing support and opportunities for growth?
A. Transactional leadership
B. Transformational leadership
C. Servant leadership
D. Charismatic leadership
A
C. Servant leadership
15
Q
- Which leadership style might Nurse Son Ye-jin adopt during routine operations when she allows her team members to make decisions independently within established guidelines?
A. Laissez-faire leadership
B. Autocratic leadership
C. Democratic leadership
D. Transformational leadership
A
A. Laissez-faire leadership
16
Q
Situation: Nurse Nam Ha-nuel is caring for Mrs. Do Bong-soon, who is 32 weeks pregnant and has been diagnosed with gestational hypertension. Mrs. Do Bong-soon has come to the clinic for her routine prenatal visit, and Nurse Nam Ha-nuel is assessing her blood pressure and educating her on the condition and its potential complications.
- Nurse Nam Ha-nuel is explaining the diagnostic criteria for gestational hypertension to Mrs. Do Bong-soon. Which blood pressure reading meets the criteria for gestational hypertension according to AHA guidelines?
A. 120/80 mm Hg
B. 130/85 mm Hg
C. 140/90 mm Hg
D. 150/95 mm Hg
A
C. 140/90 mm Hg
16
Q
- Nurse Nam Ha-nuel educates Mrs. Do Bong-soon on the potential progression of gestational hypertension. Which of the following is a key characteristic of preeclampsia?
A. Blood pressure less than 120/80 mm Hg
B. Absence of proteinuria
C. Presence of seizures
D. Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg with proteinuria
A
D. Blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg with proteinuria
17
Q
- During the prenatal visit, Mrs. Do Bong-soon asks about the risks associated with gestational hypertension. Nurse Nam Ha-nuel explains that untreated gestational hypertension can lead to which of the following complications?
A. Anemia
B. Placental abruption
C. Gestational diabetes
D. Low birth weight
A
B. Placental abruption
18
Q
- Nurse Nam Ha-nuel assesses Mrs. Do Bong-soon’s understanding of her condition. Which statement by Mrs. Do Bong-soon indicates a need for further teaching?
A. “I need to monitor my blood pressure regularly at home.”
B. “I can continue with my usual salt intake without any changes.”
C. “I should rest frequently, especially in the lateral position.”
D. “I need to watch for any signs of severe headache or visual changes.”
A
B. “I can continue with my usual salt intake without any changes.”
19
Q
- Mrs. Do Bong-soon is curious about the follow-up and management of gestational hypertension. What intervention does Nurse Nam Ha-nuel emphasize as crucial in managing gestational hypertension?
A. Weekly visits for fetal heart rate monitoring
B. Increased physical activity to lower blood pressure
C. Routine use of diuretics to reduce blood pressure
D. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and weight
A
D. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and weight
20
Q
Situation: Nurse Moon Gang-tae is providing education to Ms. Ko Moon-young, a pregnant woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and requiring insulin therapy to manage her blood glucose levels during pregnancy.
- Nurse Moon Gang-tae explains to Ms. Ko Moon-young the importance of managing gestational diabetes. Why is it critical for Ms. Ko Moon-young to maintain tight glycemic control during pregnancy?
A. To prevent fetal macrosomia
B. To monitor the effectiveness of insulin therapy
C. To prevent premature labor
D. To adjust dietary intake during pregnancy
A
A. To prevent fetal macrosomia
20
Q
- Nurse Moon Gang-tae discusses insulin therapy options with Ms. Ko Moon-young for managing her gestational diabetes. Which type of insulin is typically used for managing mealtime blood glucose spikes in pregnant women with GDM?
A. Lispro (Humalog)
B. Regular (Novolin R)
C. Glargine (Lantus)
D. NPH (Humulin N)
A
A. Lispro (Humalog)
21
Q
- Nurse Moon Gang-tae reviews with Ms. Ko Moon-young the signs of hypoglycemia and their implications during pregnancy. Which symptom is a common indicator of hypoglycemia and requires immediate intervention?
A. Bradycardia
B. Visual disturbances
C. Increased urination
D. Muscle cramps
A
B. Visual disturbances
22
Q
- Nurse Moon Gang-tae educates Ms. Ko Moon-young on the importance of insulin storage during pregnancy. How long can Ms. Ko Moon-young safely store her insulin, and where should she keep it to maintain its effectiveness?
A. Up to 1 month in the refrigerator door
B. Up to 2 weeks in direct sunlight
C. Up to 3 months in a cool, dark place
D. Up to 6 months in the bathroom cabinet
A
C. Up to 3 months in a cool, dark place
23
Situation: Nurse Cha Eun-woo is educating Ms. Moon Ga-young, a 25-year-old woman, about her menstrual cycle. Ms. Moon is concerned about the regularity, duration, and flow of her periods. She wants to understand what is considered normal and when she should seek medical advice.
26. Nurse Cha Eun-woo is educating Ms. Moon Ga-young on the normal duration of a menstrual cycle. What is the average length of a menstrual cycle in most women?
A. 21 days
B. 28 days
C. 35 days
D. 40 days
B. 28 days
23
25. Nurse Moon Gang-tae reviews proper insulin injection techniques with Ms. Ko Moon-young to ensure optimal absorption. What precaution should Ms. Ko Moon-young take to minimize discomfort during insulin injections?
A. Inject quickly to minimize pain
B. Rotate injection sites within the same area
C. Inject into muscle for faster action
D. Use the same needle for multiple injections
B. Rotate injection sites within the same area
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28. Nurse Cha Eun-woo reviews the typical amount of menstrual flow with Ms. Moon Ga-young. What is the average amount of menstrual flow during a period?
A. 10-30 mL
B. 30-80 mL
C. 80-100 mL
D. 100-150 mL
B. 30-80 mL
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27. Nurse Cha Eun-woo explains to Ms. Moon Ga-young that the duration of menstrual bleeding can vary. What is the average range for the number of days a woman may experience menstrual bleeding?
A. 1-3 days
B. 4-6 days
C. 7-10 days
D. 11-14 days
B. 4-6 days
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29. Nurse Cha Eun-woo discusses with Ms. Moon Ga-young the normal characteristics of menstrual odor. What should Ms. Moon Ga-young understand if her menstrual blood has an odor similar to marigold?
A. Presence of bacterial infection
B. Normal hormonal changes
C. Excessive menstrual flow
D. Recent dietary changes
B. Normal hormonal changes
26
30. Nurse Cha Eun-woo educates Ms. Moon Ga-young about normal characteristics of menstrual blood. Which of the following statements about the color of menstrual blood is accurate?
A. Menstrual blood is typically bright red in color.
B. Menstrual blood is usually dark red or brown in color.
C. Menstrual blood is yellowish in color.
D. Menstrual blood color varies from white to pink.
B. Menstrual blood is usually dark red or brown in color.
27
Situation: In a university psychology seminar, Dr. Park leads a discussion on Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Students from various disciplines attend, eager to learn about the ID, Ego, and Superego. Dr. Park uses scenarios to illustrate how these components influence human behavior and decision-making, encouraging active participation and application of Freudian concepts in real-life situations.
31. As they went along, they talked about the components of personality according to Freudian theory. Which of the following best describes the ID?
A. Begins its development during the fourth or fifth month of life.
B. Functions include reality testing and problem solving.
C. Acts immediately in an impulsive, irrational way without considering consequences.
D. Consists of the conscience and the ego ideal.
C. Acts immediately in an impulsive, irrational way without considering consequences.
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32. Dr. Park is explaining the role of the Ego in personality development. Which statement accurately describes the Ego?
A. Necessary part of socialization that develops during the phallic stage at 3 to 6 years of age.
B. Emerges out of the ID and acts as an intermediary between the ID and the external world.
C. Consists of internalized values, ideals, and moral standards learned during childhood.
D. Refers to the capacity for self-evaluation and criticism.
B. Emerges out of the ID and acts as an intermediary between the ID and the external world.
29
33. Nurse Park is discussing the development of the Superego. What statement accurately describes the Superego?
A. Functions include reality testing and problem solving.
B. Emerges out of the ID and acts as an intermediary between the ID and the external world.
C. Includes internalization of the values, ideals, and moral standards of parents and society.
D. Consists of the primary process psychological activity.
C. Includes internalization of the values, ideals, and moral standards of parents and society.
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34. Alex was aware that she could steal materials from her workplace without anybody noticing. Even though she would most likely never be caught, she chose not to steal as she knew it was wrong to do so. Which of the following actions fits the psychoanalytic theory of Freud?
A. The ID
B. The Ego
C. The Libido
D. The Superego
D. The Superego
31
35. Christine was thirsty. She stretched across the table and, much to Mr. Castro's surprise, drank from his water glass instead of waiting for the service to refill hers. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which of the following behaviors is it?
A. The ID
B. The Ego
C. The Libido
D. The Superego
A. The ID
32
Situation: Jhoanna, a primigravida at 39 weeks gestation, arrives at the hospital in active labor. She is experiencing regular contractions every 3-4 minutes, lasting 60 seconds each. Her cervix is dilated to 5 cm upon admission.
36. Nurse Mikha explains the stages of labor to Jhoanna and her partner. Which of the following best describes the first stage of labor?
A. Begins with full cervical dilation to 10 cm and ends with the birth of the baby.
B. Involves the descent of the presenting part through the birth canal.
C. Begins with the onset of true labor contractions and ends with full cervical dilation.
D. Is characterized by the delivery of the placenta after the birth of the baby.
C. Begins with the onset of true labor contractions and ends with full cervical dilation.
33
37. During Jhoanna's labor, Nurse Mikha observes her experiencing contractions approximately every 3-5 minutes, lasting 40-60 seconds. What stage of labor is Jhoanna likely in?
A. First stage, transition phase
B. First stage, active phase
C. Second stage
D. Third stage
B. First stage, active phase
34
38. Nurse Mikha is discussing the sequence of cardinal movements of labor with Jhoanna. Which of the following represents the correct chronological order of these movements?
A. Engagement, flexion, descent, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, expulsion.
B. Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, expulsion.
C. Descent, engagement, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, expulsion.
D. Descent, engagement, internal rotation, flexion, extension, external rotation, expulsion.
B. Engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, expulsion.
35
39. Jhoanna is now in the second stage of labor, actively pushing with each contraction. What is the primary goal of this stage?
A. Cervical dilation from 0 to 10 cm
B. Descent of the presenting part through the birth canal
C. Birth of the baby
D. Delivery of the placenta
C. Birth of the baby
36
40. Nurse Mikha is assessing Jhoanna during the third stage of labor. What is the typical duration of the third stage of labor, which begins with the birth of the baby and ends with the delivery of the placenta?
A. 5-10 minutes
B. 15-30 minutes
C. 45-60 minutes
D. 90-120 minutes
B. 15-30 minutes
37
Situation: Nurse Jake is preparing a group of nursing students for their upcoming exam on Erik Erikson's theories of growth and development. He uses complex real-life scenarios to explain each stage and its corresponding psychosocial crisis, emphasizing the nuances and common misconceptions that students might encounter.
41. Nurse Jake presents a case study of a 5-year-old child who is eager to take on new challenges at home and in preschool. Which of Erikson's stages is the child most likely navigating, and what is the psychosocial crisis involved?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
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42. During a seminar, Nurse Jake asks the students to identify the primary challenge for adolescents according to Erikson's stages. Which of the following best describes this challenge?
A. Developing a sense of trust in caregivers
B. Establishing intimate relationships
C. Forming a stable identity
D. Achieving a sense of autonomy
C. Forming a stable identity
39
43. Nurse Jake describes a scenario where a middle-aged adult is focused on contributing to society through career and community involvement. Which of Erikson's stages is this individual likely experiencing?
A. Integrity vs. Despair
B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Generativity vs. Stagnation
40
44. A nursing student asks Nurse Jake about the potential outcomes of failing to achieve the psychosocial task of gaining some basic control over self and environment. Which of the following best represents a consequence of this failure?
A. Developing a sense of inferiority
B. Experiencing feelings of shame and doubt
C. Struggling with identity confusion
D. Facing isolation and loneliness
B. Experiencing feelings of shame and doubt
41
45. Nurse Jake is teaching about the psychosocial crisis of "Integrity vs. Despair." Which age group is most likely to face this crisis, and what is a key characteristic of successfully navigating it?
A. Adolescents, developing a sense of identity
B. Young adults, forming intimate relationships
C. Middle-aged adults, contributing to society
D. Older adults, reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment
D. Older adults, reflecting on life with a sense of fulfillment
42
Situation: Nurse Sunghoon is conducting a training session for new nurses on interventions that can assist clients in achieving Erikson’s stages of development. He emphasizes practical examples and real-life applications to help the nurses understand how to support patients at different stages of their lives.
46. Nurse Sunghoon is caring for an infant in the pediatric ward. Which intervention is most appropriate to help the infant achieve Erikson's stage of development for infancy?
A. Allow the infant to make choices, ensuring safety.
B. Hold and touch the infant frequently.
C. Encourage self-feeding opportunities.
D. Offer medical equipment for play.
B. Hold and touch the infant frequently.
43
47. During a developmental assessment, Nurse Sunghoon encourages a 3-year-old child to remove and put on their own clothes. Which of Erikson’s stages is Nurse Sunghoon addressing with this intervention?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
44
48. Nurse Sunghoon is working with a school-aged child who is hospitalized. To support the child's development, which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A. Allow self-feeding opportunities.
B. Encourage the child to continue schoolwork while hospitalized.
C. Respect the child's choices and expressions of feelings.
D. Take the health history and perform examinations without the parents present.
B. Encourage the child to continue schoolwork while hospitalized.
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49. Nurse Sunghoon is performing a health assessment on an adolescent. Which intervention is most suitable for this stage of Erikson's development?
A. Encourage volunteer activities.
B. Include support from the client’s partner or significant other.
C. Take the health history and perform examinations without the parents present.
D. Assist with making changes to living arrangements.
C. Take the health history and perform examinations without the parents present.
46
50. Nurse Sunghoon is planning discharge for a middle-aged client. Which of the following interventions aligns with Erikson's stage of "Generativity vs. Stagnation"?
A. Assist with making changes to living arrangements.
B. Listen attentively to reminiscent stories about their life’s accomplishments.
C. Encourage volunteer activities.
D. Take the health history and perform examinations without the parents present.
C. Encourage volunteer activities.
47
Situation: Nurse Jungwon is leading a seminar on Kohlberg's stages of moral development. He presents complex cases to help nursing students understand how to apply these theories in their practice. The session focuses on recognizing moral reasoning in different age groups and understanding appropriate interventions.
51. Nurse Jungwon is observing a toddler in a pediatric unit. According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, which of the following behaviors is most likely demonstrated by a child at the Punishment-Obedience Orientation stage?
A. The child follows rules to obtain rewards.
B. The child obeys rules to avoid punishment.
C. The child makes judgments based on social order.
D. The child follows self-chosen ethical principles.
B. The child obeys rules to avoid punishment.
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52. During a session, Nurse Jungwon describes a preschooler's behavior of sharing toys to receive praise from teachers. Which Kohlberg's stage of moral development does this behavior exemplify?
A. Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation
B. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
C. Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
D. Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
B. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
49
53. Nurse Jungwon explains that a 10-year-old child feels guilty when behaving in a way that displeases their parents. Which stage of moral development does this illustrate?
A. Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation
B. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
C. Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
D. Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
C. Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
50
54. A school-age child insists on following classroom rules even when no one is watching. According to Nurse Jungwon, which stage of Kohlberg's moral development is the child likely in?
A. Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation
B. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
C. Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
D. Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
D. Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
51
55. An adolescent challenges a school policy they believe is unfair. Nurse Jungwon identifies this behavior as indicative of which stage of Kohlberg's moral development?
A. Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation
B. Stage 3: Good Boy or Nice Girl Orientation
C. Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
D. Stage 5: Social Contract and Legalistic Orientation
D. Stage 5: Social Contract and Legalistic Orientation
52
56. Nurse Jay is observing an infant who constantly seeks comfort by sucking on a pacifier, even when not hungry. While this might suggest the oral stage, which additional behavior would most strongly confirm this stage according to Freud's psychosexual theory?
A. Demonstrating control over toilet training.
B. Seeking physical comfort and security from a caregiver.
C. Exhibiting curiosity about their genital organs.
D. Engaging in intellectual activities and forming social bonds.
B. Seeking physical comfort and security from a caregiver.
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57. During rounds, Nurse Jay notices a toddler showing resistance to toilet training and experiencing frustration. How might this resistance reflect a possible conflict in Freud's psychosexual stages, and what long-term personality trait could develop if this stage is not successfully resolved?
A. Oral fixation leading to issues with dependency and trust.
B. Anal-retentive traits such as obsessiveness and stinginess.
C. Phallic fixation resulting in confusion about gender roles.
D. Latency stage struggles causing social withdrawal and intellectual inhibition.
B. Anal-retentive traits such as obsessiveness and stinginess.
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58. A preschool-aged child in the hospital expresses intense jealousy when their same-sex parent spends time with their opposite-sex parent. While this could indicate the phallic stage, what additional behavior would most confirm this diagnosis?
A. Seeking immediate gratification of oral needs.
B. Displaying curiosity and exploration of their genitalia.
C. Preferring to play alone and avoiding social interactions.
D. Showing a keen interest in academic pursuits.
B. Displaying curiosity and exploration of their genitalia.
54
59. Nurse Jay is interacting with a 9-year-old child who prioritizes schoolwork and expresses a strong desire to please their teachers and parents. While these behaviors fit the latency stage, which conflicting behavior would challenge this assumption and suggest a different stage?
A. Showing dependency and seeking constant reassurance from caregivers.
B. Demonstrating intense sibling rivalry and aggressive behavior towards peers.
C. Developing a keen interest in forming romantic relationships.
D. Exhibiting regression to earlier stages, like bed-wetting.
C. Developing a keen interest in forming romantic relationships.
54
60. Nurse Jay is evaluating a 15-year-old patient who is exploring their sexuality and forming a distinct personal identity. Although this aligns with the genital stage, what behavior might indicate unresolved conflicts from an earlier stage?
A. Excessive neatness and stubbornness.
B. Frequent nail-biting and thumb-sucking.
C. Avoidance of social interactions and activities.
D. Showing extreme jealousy of the same-sex parent.
A. Excessive neatness and stubbornness.
55
Situation: Nurse Julie is working in the maternity ward of a hospital and is conducting an antenatal check-up for Natty, a 28-year-old woman who is 24 weeks pregnant with her first child. Natty expresses concerns about the changes she is experiencing, including shortness of breath, occasional swelling in her ankles, and constipation. She also mentions feeling more tired than usual and experiencing some dizziness when standing up quickly. Natty is eager to understand these changes and what she can do to manage them effectively.
61. Nurse Julie is assessing Natty, a 24-week pregnant woman, who complains of shortness of breath. What is the most likely cause of this symptom?
A. Decreased red blood cell volume
B. Increased oxygen consumption and elevated diaphragm
C. Increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D. Elevated blood pressure
B. Increased oxygen consumption and elevated diaphragm
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62. Natty expresses concerns about occasional dizziness when standing up quickly. Nurse Julie explains that this is due to physiological changes during pregnancy. What change is most likely causing this symptom?
A. Increased blood volume
B. Elevated estrogen levels
C. Postural hypotension due to vascular changes
D. Increased progesterone levels
C. Postural hypotension due to vascular changes
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63. Natty reports constipation as another issue she is facing. Which physiological change during pregnancy is likely contributing to this problem?
A. Increased levels of estrogen
B. Increased levels of progesterone
C. Increased blood volume
D. Increased heart size
B. Increased levels of progesterone
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64. Nurse Julie advises Natty to increase her dietary iron intake. What physiological change during pregnancy increases the need for iron?
A. Decreased red blood cell volume
B. Increased plasma volume
C. Increased oxygen consumption
D. Increased metabolic rate
B. Increased plasma volume
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65. Which health teaching will Nurse Julie give to Natty to help manage her constipation during pregnancy? Select all that apply.
1. "Increase your fiber intake by eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains."
2. "Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily to stay hydrated."
3. "Take a daily laxative to ensure regular bowel movements."
4. "Engage in regular moderate exercise, such as walking."
5. "Avoid consuming dairy products, as they can worsen constipation."
A. 1, 2, 4
B. 2, 3, 5
C. 1, 4
D. All of the above
A. 1, 2, 4
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Situation: Nurse Hanni is conducting a prenatal check-up for Danielle, a 30-year-old woman who is 22 weeks pregnant with her second child. Danielle is experiencing various cardiovascular changes and has some concerns about her heart and circulation. She reports feeling occasional palpitations, mild swelling in her feet, and dizziness when she stands up too quickly. Danielle wants to understand these changes and how she can manage them.
66. Nurse Hanni explains to Danielle that her circulating blood volume has increased during pregnancy. What is the primary reason for this increase?
A. To provide adequate nutrition to the fetus
B. To compensate for blood loss during delivery
C. To meet the increased metabolic demands of pregnancy
D. To improve renal function during pregnancy
A. To provide adequate nutrition to the fetus
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67. Danielle asks how her blood pressure might change during pregnancy. What is the most accurate description of these changes?
A. Blood pressure increases steadily throughout pregnancy.
B. Blood pressure decreases slightly during the first trimester, increases during the second trimester, and then returns to baseline by the third trimester.
C. Blood pressure decreases slightly during the first trimester, remains low in the second trimester, and then increases in the third trimester.
D. Blood pressure remains consistently high throughout pregnancy.
C. Blood pressure decreases slightly during the first trimester, remains low in the second trimester, and then increases in the third trimester.
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68. Danielle is concerned about the mild swelling in her feet. Nurse Hanni explains that this is due to retention of sodium and water. What additional advice should Nurse Hanni give to help manage this symptom?
A. Increase salt intake
B. Avoid drinking water before bedtime
C. Elevate the feet when sitting
D. Wear tight-fitting shoes
C. Elevate the feet when sitting
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69. Nurse Hanni informs Danielle that physiological anemia occurs during pregnancy. What is the primary cause of this condition?
A. Increased destruction of red blood cells
B. Decreased production of red blood cells
C. Plasma volume increasing more than red blood cell volume
D. Increased iron requirements
C. Plasma volume increasing more than red blood cell volume
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70. Nurse Hanni advises Danielle on ways to prevent dizziness and maintain good cardiovascular health during pregnancy. Which of the following should be included in her advice? Select all that apply.
1. Change positions slowly to avoid dizziness.
2. Lie down on your back to rest.
3. Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.
4. Avoid standing for long periods.
5. Increase salt intake to maintain blood pressure.
A. 1, 3, 4
B. 2, 3, 5
C. 1, 4
D. All of the above
A. 1, 3, 4
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73. Nurse Winter is reviewing the growth of a 2-year-old toddler. Which statement is not accurate for this age?
A. Weight gain slows down compared to infancy
B. Head circumference increases about 1 inch
C. Anterior fontanel is still open
D. Height increase is about 3 inches per year
C. Anterior fontanel is still open
65
Situation: Nurse Winter is conducting a developmental assessment on various pediatric patients at a community health clinic. She is reviewing their growth and developmental milestones to ensure they are on track and providing guidance to their parents.
71. Nurse Winter is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which finding is not typical for an infant of this age?
A. Height increases by 1 inch per month
B. Birth weight has tripled
C. Posterior fontanel has closed
D. Nocturnal sleep pattern lasts 9 to 11 hours
B. Birth weight has tripled
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72. During a well-child visit, Nurse Winter notes that a 2-year-old toddler has a head circumference of 19 inches. What other physical characteristics are expected in a child of this age?
A. Weight doubled from birth weight
B. Height increase of 1 inch per month
C. Anterior fontanel closed
D. No need for daytime naps
C. Anterior fontanel closed
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74. Nurse Winter is monitoring a 10-year-old child's growth and development. What physical growth pattern is expected for this age group?
A. Growth spurts of 6 inches per year
B. Weight gain of 10 pounds per year
C. Height increase of 2 inches per year
D. Loss of all primary teeth by age 10
C. Height increase of 2 inches per year
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75. Nurse Winter is discussing puberty with a group of adolescents. Which statement about puberty is not true?
A. Menstrual periods occur about 2.5 years after the onset of puberty
B. Body mass reaches adult size
C. Puberty starts at the same age for everyone
D. Sebaceous and sweat glands become fully functional
C. Puberty starts at the same age for everyone
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Situation: Nurse Risa is attending to a newborn, Alice, just delivered vaginally at 39 weeks gestation. During the initial assessments at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, Nurse Risa observes and documents the following:
● 1-Minute APGAR Assessment:
○ Heart rate: 85 beats per minute
○ Respiratory effort: Weak, irregular breathing
○ Muscle tone: Some flexion of extremities
○ Reflex irritability: Grimace with stimulation
○ Color: Body is pink, but hands and feet are blue
● 5-Minute APGAR Assessment:
○ Heart rate: 120 beats per minute
○ Respiratory effort: Strong cry
○ Muscle tone: Active movement
○ Reflex irritability: Vigorous cry with stimulation
○ Color: Pink all over
76. Based on Nurse Risa's observations, what is the APGAR score for Alice at 1 minute after birth?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
B. 6
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77. What is the APGAR score for Alice at 5 minutes after birth?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
C. 9
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78. Given Alice's 1-minute APGAR score, which of the following interventions should Nurse Risa consider? Select all that apply.
1. Provide positive pressure ventilation.
2. Administer supplemental oxygen.
3. Initiate chest compressions.
4. Keep the newborn warm and dry.
5. Stimulate the newborn to breathe.
A. 1, 2, 4, 5
B. 2, 3, 5
C. 1, 3, 4
D. All of the above
A. 1, 2, 4, 5
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79. Which statement correctly describes the interventions for an Apgar score of 0-3 at 1 minute?
A. No intervention is needed; the newborn will stabilize on their own.
B. Only provide supportive care with no additional resuscitation measures.
C. Newborn requires full resuscitation efforts, including chest compressions if necessary.
D. Administer routine newborn care without additional monitoring.
C. Newborn requires full resuscitation efforts, including chest compressions if necessary.
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80. Nurse Risa is preparing a report on Alice’s Apgar scores. Which of the following is accurate regarding the need for resuscitation and interventions based on an Apgar score of 8-10?
A. Immediate resuscitation is required; no further interventions are needed.
B. The newborn needs continued assessment but no specific interventions beyond supportive care.
C. The newborn requires advanced resuscitation measures, including medication.
D. Continuous monitoring is unnecessary if the score is 8-10.
B. The newborn needs continued assessment but no specific interventions beyond supportive care.
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Situation: Nurse Karina is assessing a 6-month-old infant named Sam during a routine well-child visit. Sam’s mother is concerned about his development and is seeking guidance on what to expect as he continues to grow. Nurse Karina provides information on typical developmental milestones, growth patterns, and appropriate types of play for Sam’s age.
81. Which age brackets represent the most rapid periods of growth in terms of height and weight for children?
A. Infancy (0-12 months) and Adolescence (12-18 years)
B. Toddlerhood (1-3 years) and Preschool age (3-6 years)
C. School age (6-12 years) and Infancy (0-12 months)
D. Adolescence (12-18 years) and Toddlerhood (1-3 years)
A. Infancy (0-12 months) and Adolescence (12-18 years)
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82. Which of the following types of development describes the progression from the center of the body outward, as observed in infants?
A. Cephalocaudal development
B. Proximodistal development
C. Gross motor development
D. Fine motor development
B. Proximodistal development
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85. Which of the following activities would best support a 6-month-old’s development of fine motor skills?
A. Playing with a large ball
B. Stacking large blocks
C. Shaking a rattle
D. Pulling a wagon
C. Shaking a rattle
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83. Which developmental milestone is characteristic of proximodistal development in a 6-month-old infant?
A. Reaching for toys with the entire hand
B. Grasping small objects with thumb and forefinger
C. Rolling over from back to stomach
D. Sitting without support
A. Reaching for toys with the entire hand
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84. Which type of play is most appropriate for a 6-month-old infant?
A. Parallel play
B. Solitary play
C. Cooperative play
D. Dramatic play
B. Solitary play
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Situation: Nurse Suzy is providing prenatal education to a group of expectant mothers at a community health clinic. She discusses the different signs of pregnancy, categorizing them into presumptive, probable, and positive signs. The mothers in the group ask various questions to clarify their understanding, and Nurse Suzy provides detailed explanations.
86. Which of the following is not a presumptive skin change during pregnancy?
A. Linea nigra
B. Melasma/Chloasma
C. Striae Gravidarum
D. Palmar Erythema
D. Palmar Erythema
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87. Which of the following is not a probable sign of pregnancy?
A. Positive serum hCG test
B. Hegar's sign
C. Quickening
D. Chadwick's sign
C. Quickening
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89. Which of the following is considered a positive sign of pregnancy?
A. Linea nigra
B. Braxton Hicks contractions
C. Detection of fetal heartbeat by Doppler
D. Abdominal enlargement
C. Detection of fetal heartbeat by Doppler
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88. Which of the following would Nurse Suzy identify as not a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
A. Breast tenderness
B. Uterine enlargement
C. Frequent urination
D. Excessive nausea and vomiting
D. Excessive nausea and vomiting
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90. Nurse Suzy explains that which of the following signs is not classified as a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
A. Amenorrhea
B. Quickening
C. Positive urine pregnancy test
D. Breast tenderness
C. Positive urine pregnancy test
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Situation: Nurse Woo Young-woo is performing a prenatal assessment for Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon, who is 30 weeks pregnant. Woo Young-woo uses McDonald's rule to assess the fundal height and determine the estimated gestational age. Accurate interpretation of these measurements is crucial for monitoring fetal growth and development.
91. At 30 weeks of gestation, Nurse Woo Young-woo measures the fundal height of Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon. Where is the fundus expected to be located?
A. At the level of the symphysis pubis
B. At the umbilicus
C. Between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process
D. At the level of the xiphoid process
C. Between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process
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92. When Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon is 36 weeks pregnant, where would Nurse Woo Young-woo expect the fundal height to be located?
A. At the level of the symphysis pubis
B. At the umbilicus
C. Between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process
D. At the level of the xiphoid process
D. At the level of the xiphoid process
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93. What is the expected location of the fundus about an hour after Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon delivers her baby?
A. At the level of the umbilicus
B. At the level of the symphysis pubis
C. At the level of the xiphoid process
D. Slightly above the pubic bone
A. At the level of the umbilicus
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94. If Nurse Woo Young-woo measures a fundal height of 24 cm in Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon, what would this indicate about her gestational age?
A. 20 weeks gestation
B. 24 weeks gestation
C. 28 weeks gestation
D. 32 weeks gestation
B. 24 weeks gestation
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95. If Nurse Woo Young-woo is assessing Mrs. Choi Soo Yeon's fundal height at 18 weeks of pregnancy. What is the expected location of the fundus?
A. Above the symphysis pubis
B. At the level of the umbilicus
C. Near the xiphoid process
D. Below the symphysis pubis
A. Above the symphysis pubis
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Situation: Nurse Im Sol is working with a new graduate nurse who is transitioning from a novice to a competent practitioner. Nurse Im Sol is providing mentorship and guidance on how to navigate through the stages of skill acquisition as described in Benner’s Novice to Expert Model. The new graduate nurse is keen to understand the differences between the stages and how to apply them in clinical practice.
96. According to Benner’s Novice to Expert Model, which of the following best describes a "novice" nurse?
A. A nurse who relies on rules and guidelines to provide care and lacks experience.
B. A nurse who has a deep understanding of patient care and anticipates needs.
C. A nurse who has extensive clinical experience and intuitively understands complex situations.
D. A nurse who performs tasks efficiently and uses past experiences to make decisions.
A. A nurse who relies on rules and guidelines to provide care and lacks experience.
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97. Which stage of Benner’s Novice to Expert Model is characterized by the ability to prioritize patient care and recognize patterns in clinical situations?
A. Novice
B. Advanced Beginner
C. Competent
D. Expert
C. Competent
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98. Nurse Im Sol is mentoring a new graduate nurse who has difficulty adapting to unexpected changes in patient conditions. At which stage of Benner’s Novice to Expert Model is the nurse likely to be?
A. Novice
B. Advanced Beginner
C. Competent
D. Proficient
B. Advanced Beginner
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99. In Benner’s Novice to Expert Model, which stage is characterized by an intuitive grasp of situations and a deep understanding of the clinical context?
A. Advanced Beginner
B. Competent
C. Proficient
D. Expert
D. Expert
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100. Which statement best describes a nurse who is in the "proficient" stage of Benner’s Novice to Expert Model?
A. The nurse relies heavily on rules and guidelines to provide care.
B. The nurse can recognize patterns in patient care but still needs to follow strict protocols.
C. The nurse has an intuitive grasp of situations and can prioritize care effectively.
D. The nurse has limited clinical experience and struggles with handling unexpected situations.
C. The nurse has an intuitive grasp of situations and can prioritize care effectively.
