REBM Flashcards
What is the definition of Epidemiology?
It is the study of the distribution and determinants of a disease in a population.
What is prevalence?
The measure of disease frequency
What are cross-sectional, cohort, interventional and case control studies?
Cross sectional studies- data is collected from subjects at one point in time
Cohort- start by studying disease free people who can be exposed to a factor and are followed over time.
Case-control studies start with people who have a disease and people who do not. Can compare exposures between groups to determine factors.
Interventional- clinician intervened in one arm of the study population.
What is involved in a meta-analysis?
Taking many studies and working out odds ration for them all, then averaging them out to get a single number. Larger studies are given more weight and smaller ones less weight.
What does the prevalence of disease mean?
The proportion of people in a population that have a disease at a specific point in time.
How is prevalence of disease calculated?
The number of existing cases divided by the total population x100 (is a percentage)
What is the incidence of disease?
The frequency of new cases of disease
What is the risk of disease?
The proportion of people in a defined population that develop the disease during a defined period.
How is the risk of disease calculated?
The number of new cases during a defined period by the population originally at risk of developing the disease
What are the rates of disease?
The number of new cases during a defined period in a population
