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Sem 2 Year 1 > Exercise physiology > Flashcards

Exercise physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two states of efficient energy generation and what is inefficient?

A

Efficient= rest and aerobic exercise

Inefficient= anaerobic exercise

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2
Q

What substrates do you burn during rest, aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise?

A

Rest= fatty acids

Aerobic= glucose

Anaerobic= glucose

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3
Q

What O2 is used, ATP generated and CO2 produced during rest?

A

ATP= 44 ATP from 1 molecule fatty acid

23 O2

16 CO2

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4
Q

What O2 is used, ATP generated and CO2 produced during aerobic exercise?

A

1 molecule glucose- 38 ATP

6 O2

6 CO2

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5
Q

What O2 is used, ATP generated and CO2 produced during anaerobic exercise?

A

1 molecule glucose= 2 ATP

2 CO2

no oxygen

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6
Q

What is VO2?

A

Oxygen uptake

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7
Q

What is VO2 determined by?

A
  • Ventilatory capacity to provide oxygen
  • Circulation to deliver O2
  • Muscle ability to utilise O2
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8
Q

What is respiratory quotient?

A

Also known as respiratory exchange ratio

CO2 produced / O2 consumed

It increases during exercise

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9
Q

How can maximal exercise ventilation be calculated?

A

Estimated as maximal volunatry ventilation

= FEV1 x 40

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10
Q

What is usually the rate limiting factor to maximise exercise in health?

A

Cardiac physiology- heart rate

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11
Q

What definies our level of physical conditioning?

A

The efficiency of mechanisms in muscle that convert O2 to ATP such as:

  • muscular capillaries
  • mitochondria
  • oxidative enzymes
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12
Q

What is the ‘anaerobic threshold’?

A

The point at which oxygen demand is higher than oxygen delivery and energy must be generated by non-oxidative metabolism

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13
Q

What are the effects of deconditioning?

A
  • Reduced muscular capillary numbers
  • Reduced mitochondrial density
  • Reduced oxidative enzyme concentrations
  • Lower anaerobic threshold
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14
Q

What are different examples of exercise testing?

A
  • cardiac stress testing
  • exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
  • walking or step tests
  • cardiopulmonary exercise testing
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15
Q

What are the outcome measures of cardiopulmonary exercise testing?

A

-

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16
Q

What happens if the aerobic threshold occurs earlier than predicted?

A

The patient is deconditioned

17
Q

What is there if the patient has significant ventilation reserve at the end of their cardiopulmonary test?

A

There is no ventilatory limitation

18
Q

Why are cardiopulmonary exercise tests used?

A
  • allows functional understanding of exercise limitation
  • facilitates exercise counselling
  • may diagnose exercise induced asthma or arrhythmias
  • may help with warning signs of disease severity e.g. in CF
19
Q

What are the benefits of exercise?

A
  • Reduced all-cause mortality
  • Cardiometabolic benefit
  • Reduction in some cancers
  • Improvements in mental health
20
Q

What are the exercise recommendations in the general population?

A

150-300 minutes a week of moderate (brisk walking)

75-100 of vigerous

Include cardio and strength that involves all main muscle groups

21
Q

What is exercised induced asthma?

A

It is acute and reversible

Symptoms appear during or after strenous exercise

Especially if breathing dry and cold air

22
Q

How is exercised induced asthma diagnosed?

A

Bike or treadmill, 6-8 min test

Then measure spirometry pre and post (at 5,10,15,20 mins of exercise)

Also check after exercise with a bronchodilator

23
Q

What is MVV?

A

Maximal voluntary ventilation

24
Q

What might a patient have with a high MVV, predicted HR and VO2 and are well conditoned?

A

High MVV= no ventilatory reserve

May have cystic fibrosis

25
Q

What is the difference in patients cardiopulmonary tests with and without CF?

A

A healthy patient will reach max exercise with ventilatory reserve, a patient with CF will achieve same maximal capacity but with no ventilatory reserve.

26
Q

What is prehabilitation?

A

An intensive training programme to improve condition pre-operatively.

27
Q

Why are CPETs performed pre-operatively?

A

To ensure patients can handle the stress of surgery

28
Q

What is the oxygen pulse?

A

VO2/HR

O2 pulse reduced when stroke volume is limited

Stroke volume may be limited due to cardiac or coronary heart disease

29
Q

What does having a reduced stroke volume mean for exercise?

A

There is reduced cardiac output and less ability to deliver O2.

Reduces aerobic capaity and limits exercise

Sem 2 Year 1 (12 decks)

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