Rebellions Flashcards
Where did the strongest resistance to the Amicable Grant occur?
North-Essex and South-Suffolk: the Earl of Essex reported that 1000 gathered at the Essex-Suffolk border to resist the payment. The Duke of Norfolk and the Duke of Suffolk faced 4000 taxation resisters, particularly unemployed cloth workers, unable to pay the levy.
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace a protest against?
The Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Break with Rome, and Thomas Cromwell, who sought to enforce greater control in the North. The Government was pushing too quickly for religious change, which most people could neither sympathise with nor understand. The poor harvest of 1535 exacerbated discontent, and the dissolution stripped the needy of the aid they depended on to survive. Anne Boleyn’s unpopularity was a contributing factor, while ordinary rebels were motivated more by economic grievances. The Crown’s attempt to impose Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire as a Great Magnate was a trigger.
When was the Lincolnshire Uprising, and how many were involved?
October 5 1536, 50,000 people participated following the closure of Louth Park Abbey on October 1. They marched to Lincoln and demanded the freedom to continue worshipping as Roman Catholics and protection of the treasures of Lincolnshire Churches. This collapsed when faced by the Duke of Suffolk.
When did Aske march to York?
On 24th October, Robert Aske marched to York with 30,000 protestors, and influential figures such as Lord Thomas Darcy. He arranged for expelled monks and nuns to return to their houses, in which Catholic doctrine was restored.
In December 1536, the rebels drafted a petition to be presented to the King- the Pontefract Articles. What did these demand.
On December 2, Aske met with the Duke of Norfolk and presented the Pontefract Articles, demanding a return to papal authority, an end to enclosure, and a Parliament of the North. Aske was invited to present this to the King, and the rebels disbanded.
What was captured during the Pilgrimage of Grace?
York and Hull were occupied, and Pontefract Castle captured. The Duke of Norfolk was outnumbered- with 5000 men and 7000 from the Earl of Shrewsbury. He was driven to diffuse the rebellion with the issue of a pardon and a promise to restore the dissolved monasteries. The King had no intention of honouring this and did not authorise Thomas Howard to issue such conditions.
What occurred during Bigod’s Rebellion?
The rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and the East Riding of York in February 1536, unauthorised by Aske. The insurgents here were radicalised and hostile to the gentry, and class antagonism was discernible in letters delivered in the name of ‘Captain Poverty’. Bigod had breached the agreement and the Duke of Norfolk hanged 74 rebels, declaring martial law. This allowed the King to go back on his word. Bigod, Aske, Darcy, Hussey and Sir Thomas Percy were executed, in addition to 200 rebels for their participation.
What was the impact of the Pilgrimage of Grace?
It slowed the rate of religious change. The Break with Rome was divisive in Europe, and major foreign powers condemned the Reformation. There was concern that this rebellion would gain their support and engender an invasion, backed by the Pope to overthrow the King. It wielded the support of the nobility, and was spread across the North, making it difficult to suppress. The Government postponed the collection of the October Subsidy, a grievance among the insurgents. Four of the Seven Sacraments committed from the Ten Articles were restored in the Bishop’s Book of 1537, following by the Act of Six Articles in 1539. It was the largest rebellion of the 16th Century and gained control of the North. The signing of the ‘pilgrim’s Oath’ portrayed religion as an alternative to royal authority. Yet, it failed and dissuaded potential rebels. England was not reconciled to the Catholic Church and the Dissolution continued unabated. Leaders were tried and executed.
