Reasons for Prejudice

Question 1

What is realistic conflict theory?

Answer 1

The idea that prejudice is caused by two groups being in competition for a resource, especially if it is a zero-sum game where only one can win, or if both groups are of equal status.

Question 2

What is an example of realistic conflict theory?

Answer 2

South African Apartheid, white and black South Africans fought over power, education. and jobs. Nelson Mandela helped to usher in multicultural democratic rule.

Question 3

What does social identity theory suggest?

Answer 3

People identify themselves as a member of a group and it helps shape their identity. The mere existence of an in-group and out-group causes prejudice to arise.

Question 4

What are the first two stages of social identity theory?

Answer 4

Social categorisation-> people automatically put themselves into groups based on common characteristics.
Social identification-> adopting group norms and set of beliefs.

Question 5

What is the final stage of social identity theory and how does it work?

Answer 5

Social comparison.
In-group favouritism-> in-group praised, nothing said about out-group.
Out-group denegation-> negative bias towards out-group, no direct comparison
Positive distinctiveness->direct comparison with favour towards in-group.

Question 6

What is a supporting theory for social identity theory?

Answer 6

Sherif because in-group favouritism shown when counting beans.

Question 7

What is a conflicting theory for social identity theory?

Answer 7

Dobbs and Crano because found that other factors may cause prejudice e.g empathy.

Question 8

What is social dominance orientation and how does it affect prejudice?

Answer 8

The belief in a social hierarchy in society.
Increases prejudice.

Question 9

What is a supporting study for social dominance orientation affecting prejudice?

Answer 9

Lippa & Arad.
Assessed with non-experimental methods to find that people who were socially dominant correlated strongly with prejudice towards gender.

Question 10

What is authoritarian personality type and how does it affect prejudice?

Answer 10

Traditional views and hostile to those deemed below them.
Increases prejudice.

Question 11

What is a supporting study for authoritarian personality affecting prejudice?

Answer 11

Cohrs.
Questionnaires to measure personality variables to find that less open people were more likely to be right wing authoritarian and prejudice.

Question 12

What are the big five personality types?

Answer 12

Openness, conscientious, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

Question 13

What is a study supporting the big five personality types and their affect on prejudice?

Answer 13

Ekehammar & Akrami.
Measured the types and found correlation between openness and agreeableness with scoring low for prejudice.

Question 14

What is the acronym to remember the big five personality types?

Answer 14

OCEAN.

Question 15

What is a social norm?

Answer 15

A behaviour acceptable in a group or culture.

Question 16

What is a study supporting social norms having an affect on prejudice?

Answer 16

Sechrist & Strangor.
White people who were more prejudice sat further away from a black confederate in an empty room.

Question 17

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 17

The existence, acceptance, and promotion of multiple cultural traditions in a single area.

Question 18

What is assimilation?

Answer 18

The belief that if someone joins a new culture from another, they must adopt their views.

Question 19

What is a supporting study that multiculturalism affects prejudice?

Answer 19

Guimond.
Found that areas of multiculturalism were low in prejudice as anti-muslim attitudes were decreased by pro-diversity police.

Question 20

What are two supporting studies that shows being an individualistic or collectivist culture affects prejudice?

Answer 20

Fujimoto & Hartel->Found that collectivist cultures were more likely to show prejudice than individualistic cultures.
Kleugel-> Found the opposite.