Reasons For Detente

Question 1

What are the four factors for promotig detente?

Answer 1

1) Sino-US rapproachment
2) Economic costs
3) Arms Race
4) Sphere of Influence (retreat and expansion)

Question 2

When did Mao invite Nixon and the US to China for a table tennis match?

Answer 2

1969

Question 3

Were the talks at the table tennis match succesful?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What did Nixon do in response to the improved realtions with the Chinese and when?

Answer 4

In 1969 Nixon removed trade restricions and travel barriers between the two countries

Question 5

How much did trade increase by during the early 1970s between China and the USA?

Answer 5

From $5Mn to $500Mn

Question 6

When did China join the U.N security council following US reccomendation and backing?

Answer 6

1971

Question 7

When did Nixon visit China to discuss politics?

Answer 7

1972

Question 8

What were the achievements of Nixon’s visit to China?

Answer 8

He and Mao:

1) Agreed on a PC policy between them
2) Agreed on a SE Asia military pact

Question 9

Why did Sino-US approachment shock and scare the USSR?

Answer 9

Becuse it suggested that China, a recently hostile neighbour country that were also very powerful in size and to a certain extent economics, were now Allies with the USA who were the USSR’s main enemy in the CW.

Question 10

What were the Soviet leadership forced to do in response to the increasing pressures of the Sino-US rapproachment?

Answer 10

They came to the negotiaiting table to smooth out any rough relations they had with the USA so to prevent any tension and therfore a possible attack upon them.

Question 11

Why did the Sino-US reapproachment promte the USA into adopting detente?

Answer 11

They were in a position of strength and so could exert strength

Question 12

How much did Vietnam cost the US economy in 1969?

Answer 12

$30 Billion in 1969 alone

Question 13

How much and percentage of the US economy (GDP) was spent on the military in 1969?

Answer 13

9% = $438 Billion

Question 14

What did US economic employment reach in the 1970s?

Answer 14

5%

Question 15

How much did inflation in the US economy rise in 1970 due to the Vietnam War?

Answer 15

6%

Question 16

What percenatge of the USSR economy (GNP) was spent on supporting communist states throughout Europe?

Answer 16

75%

Question 17

What percenatge of the USSR’s economic workforce were employed in the military sector?

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

What was there a lack of in the USSR economy and what did this lead to?

Answer 18

lack of consumer goods lead to frustration

Question 19

What was annual economic growth in the USSR during the 1970’s?

Answer 19

A measley 3%

Question 20

What fraction was the USSR’s economy compared to the USA?

Answer 20

1/6th

Question 21

What was the annual national income increase in the USSR?

Answer 21

3%

Question 22

How did the economic burdens upon the USA and USSR lead to detente?

Answer 22

The burdens were caused by a confrontational foreign policy. Detente was not confrontational and so would solve the problems in theory

Question 23

How did the Arms Race lead to detente?

Answer 23

1) M.A.D fear

2) Economic cost

Question 24

What percenatge of the USA’s nuclear stockpile did the USSR have in 1969?

Answer 24

Around 50%

Question 24

How did the Arms Race lead to economic difficuilties?

Answer 24

It was firstly very expensive but also meant that the economic resorces of both countries were diverted away from improving the standard of living.

Question 25

How many warheads did the USSR and USA have in comparison during 1969? and what did this lead to?

Answer 25

USA = 28,000
USSR = 11,000
The USSR saw this detente an opportunity to catch up with the USA in the arms race

Question 26

What did the USSR use detente as, in terms of the arms race?

Answer 26

A chance to catch up with them

Question 27

What events throughout the world lead the USA to adopt a policy of detetne?

Answer 27

1) Vietnam War

2) France withdrew from NATO in 1966

Question 29

How many Americans died in the Vietnam War?

Answer 29

58,000

Question 30

What would Brezhnev use detente for in terms of the third world?

Answer 30

Detente would provide a superficial blanket that allowed them to increase their involvement innthe third world

Question 31

What events throughout the USSR’S sphere of influence lead them to want to pursue a policy of detente so they could retake control?

Answer 31

1968 Czechoslovakian Uprising

1970’s Polish Protests

Question 32

What were four motives for the USA to begin rapprochement with the PRC?

Answer 32

1) Put pressure upon USSR
2) Use China as a middle man in negotiating an end to Vietnam
3) Prevent China being captured and becoming a powerful soviet satellite
4) Allow nuclear Arsenal to be concentrated upon USSR
5) Develop new alliances after France’s withdrawal from NATO and…

Question 33

What were three motives for China in reproaching USA?

Answer 33

1) Gain an allie after Sino soviet split
2) Fear of SU pre-emptive nuclear strike
3) Put pressure on USSR to give up land such as Mongolia