Reason key terms

Question 1

Intuition

Answer 1

An immediate, indubitable understanding of a self-evident truth

Question 2

Deduction

Answer 2

The connection made between a series of intuitions/ premises where the conclusion’s truth is based on the truth of the premises

Question 3

A priori

Answer 3

Knowledge gained before/ without experience

Question 4

A posteriori

Answer 4

Knowledge based on experience of the external world

Question 5

Empiricism

Answer 5

The view that all knowledge of synthetic propositions is a posteriori and all a priori knowledge is of analytic propositions

Question 6

Rationalism

Answer 6

The view that there is a priori knowledge of some synthetic propositions in addition to the empiricist beliefs, either because it is innate or because it is gained through reason rather than sense experience

Question 7

Clear & distinct idea

Answer 7

A truth that is present to an attentive mind and can be sharply seperated from all other perceptions

Question 8

Synthetic

Answer 8

A truth where the predicate is not contained within the subject

Question 9

Analytic

Answer 9

A truth where the predicate is contained within the subject

Question 10

Cogito

Answer 10

I think therefore I am

Question 11

Hume’s fork

Answer 11

Matters of fact- analytic a priori truth
Relations of ideas- synthetic a posteriori truths

Question 12

Causal adequacy principle

Answer 12

The lesser cannot create the greater