Epistemology key terms Flashcards
Inductive reasoning
An arguments where the conclusion is supported by the premises- the premises are all true, then the conclusion is likely to be true
Deductive reasoning
An argument where the conclusion is entailed by the premises- if the premises are all true, then the conclusion must be true
Intuition
The direct and immediate apprehension of the truth, using one’s intellectual capacity, and it is self-evident to an attentive mind
Rationalism
The claim that we can have a priori knowledge of synthetic propositions about the world external to our minds
Empiricism
The claim that there is no synthetic a priori knowledge about the world external to our minds
Foundationalism
Building up from the foundation of what we know a priori to discover truths about the world
Moral realism
The belief that moral properties exist outside of the mind
Moral relativism
The belief that moral properties are invented by us
Hypothesis
A proposal that needs to be confirmed or rejected by reasoning or experience
5 criteria for the best hypothesis
Simplicity
Accuracy
Plausibility
Scope
Coherence
Fallacy
An argument in which the premises do not offer rational support to the conclusion
Proposition
What is expressed by a declarative statement
Direct realism
The immediate objects of perception are mind-independent objects and their properties
Indirect realism
The immediate objects of perception are mind-dependent objects that are caused by and represent mind-independent objects
Idealism
The immediate objects of perception are mind-dependent objects
