reasearch1 Flashcards
IV
independent variable or experimental variable
DV
dependent variable
what happens with the IV in an experiment
the IV gets manipulated by the researcher
what happens with the IV in an experiment
Manipulated by the researcher
Examples of an independent variable
counseling, exercise, mindfulness
Examples of an dependent variable
weight, IQ, drinks, time, money spent,
quasi-experimental
research that does not use random sampling
systematic sampling/kth sampling
1st participant is randomly sampled, then the next is picked every 10th person
non probablity sample
subjects are selected by the researcher
convenience sampling
the intact existing group is used with no random sampling
quota sample
your sample has the same type of characteristics that existing in population being studied
hypothesis
hunch/idea
RA fisher
father of statistics and experimental design
each experiment has what two hypothesis
null hypothesis, experimental hypothesis
null hypothesis
no difference/significance between the control and experimental groups
test of significance
a statistical test that assesses whether a result obtained from an experiment is important enough or not
level of sigificance
confidence level of research
probability of difference between groups alpha level
social sciences significance
p or probabilty is less than .05
if p is <.05
probability that differences are less than 5% chance
the lower the p (.01 or .001) the lower the?
the chance factors or the more convincing the experiment
greater statistical power, the more?
confidence in the validity of the research
two types of resarch errors
Type I and Type II
Type I error
reject null when true
Type II Error
accept null when false
the probability of making a type I error is
equal to the level of significance
If your p value is .05 then?
.05 is the probablity of making a type I error
If your p value is less than .05
accept null hypothesis
extraneous variables are
errors
internal validity
makes the conclusions of a causal relationship credible and trustworthy
High internal validity demonstrates causal link
external validity
can the expreimental findings be generalized to other peeople/groups
instrumentation threat
threat to validity in the instrumentation or measurment methods
maturation
threat to validity effect of time rather than IV on text subject results
statistical regression
low scores move up and high scores move down twoard the mean
external threat to validity
findings will not generalize to real world
t-test/student’s t-test
tests a hypothesis between two normally distrubuted samples and must have 30 participants
correlated t-test
same group measured on 2 occasions (pre/post test)
What does an Anova do
compares more than 2 groups / analysis of variance
results of Anova is what
F value
more than one DV requires
MANOVA