Readings

Question 1

Hochschild

Answer 1

human emotions are social and depend on the situation you are in and the people you are around
each culture provides us with prototypes (like different keys on a piano)

Question 2

Durkheim Suicide

Answer 2

wanted to measure suicide as a rate depending on where the person loved
wanted to show that this rate varied systematically on variables of religion, family and income

Question 3

Karl Marx

Answer 3

Society is based on the conflict between social classes
some individuals and groups have more power than others and that the struggle over power is a key element of social life

Question 4

Melvin Kohn

Answer 4

how parental and social class shapes the values that parents encourage in their children
differences when comparing values emphasized by working class and middle class mothers

Question 5

Herbert Blumer

Answer 5

symbolic interactionism and 3 main premises
1) humans act towards things based on meanings they assign to them
2) meaning is derived from social interactions
3) people use an interpretative process to understand and modify meaning

Question 6

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 6

looking glass self/ceiling
imagine how others see us, how others judge our appearance and refinance this appearance is based on how we interpret these judgements

Question 7

Frank Furstenberg

Answer 7

coined the concept of early adulthood

Question 8

Elijah Anderson

Answer 8

code of the streets, how living in certain neighbourhoods can impact behaviour and opportunities

Question 9

Durkheim (Deviance, 4 Functions)

Answer 9

crime is necessary, functional and even good for society
1) affirms cultural norms and values
2) deviant acts helps individuals understand what is right/wrong
3)responding to deviance helps unite individuals in society
4) deviance encourages social change

Question 10

Howard Becker

Answer 10

• studied marijuana use
  social, rather than individual explanation for drug use labelled as deviant
  strain theory
  subcultural theory
  learning theory
  control theory
  labeling theory

Question 11

Thomas Picketty

Answer 11

real wealth is concentrated in very few families, who will keep getting richer unless war or revolution intervenes

Question 12

Simon Kuznets

Answer 12

capitalism does not always generate income distribution
an economy develops, market first increases then decreases the overall economic inequality in society

Question 13

Max Weber

Answer 13

3 main sources of conflict: economic, social and political
his theory focuses on the competition between social groups, rather than individuals, and attempts to explain social change and stability as a result of group conflict

Question 14

Milanovic

Answer 14

immigration pressure is intimately related to high income gaps that exists within countries today
suggests that a solution is to help the growth of countries from where migrants are from

Question 15

Thomas Principle

Answer 15

interpretation of a situation causes the action

Question 16

Waters

Answer 16

ethnic identity of descendants of white European immigrants is flexible, symbolic, but not a definitive aspect of their identity

Question 17

Berger and Luckmann

Answer 17

society is created by human interaction, which they call habitualization

Question 18

Benedict Anderson

Answer 18

Imagined communities
socially, constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as a part of a group

Question 19

Brewer

Answer 19

the empirical puzzle
certain characteristics are linked with men and women, however, does not deal with neutral roles but rules that are feminized/worker roles

Question 20

Crenshaw and Collins

Answer 20

the intersection of regulating girls sexuality and bodies on a continum

Question 21

Will Kymlika

Answer 21

greater demand for fairer terms of integration

Question 22

Malinowski

Answer 22

Nuclear family
the optional/normal stance on family that maximizes labour division

Question 23

Parsons

Answer 23

Structural functionalism
the theory that the structure of society is shaped by its function and social roles that individuals adopt are shaped by how these roles support society as a whole

Question 24

Schalet

Answer 24

parents interpret the structures they are in and it impacts the way they parent their children
dutch/american parents

Question 25

Lareau

Answer 25

unequal childhoods, families reproduce social class through parenting styles, concerted cultivation vs natural growth

Question 26

Durkheim (socialization and education)

Answer 26

institutions take the shape that they do to fulfill a function in society
education fills the roles of
occupational roles
norms and values of society
seeing ourselves as a collective

Question 27

Beaver

Answer 27

claims that weber would see education as a sight of struggle as wealth and status can play a factor
school is a way of sorting and selecting

Question 28

Marx (Education)

Answer 28

education formulated as a way of reproducing and naturalizing the economic order of labour

Question 29

Mullin

Answer 29

men and women studied the same thing, do not receive same results

Question 30

Calarco

Answer 30

there is privilege dependence in education
sees parents are resources (donations, help on school trips)

Question 31

Khan

Answer 31

social capital and cultural capital when going to school
social: bring high SES children together
cultural: elite speech
expected behaviour

Question 32

Durkheim (division of labour)

Answer 32

organic solidarity replacing mechanical solidarity

Question 33

Ritzer

Answer 33

4 values of social organization
predictability
efficiency
control
calculability

Question 34

Aviv

Answer 34

benefits of migrant workers in countries and the effects of them being there

Question 35

W.Wright Mills

Answer 35

social stratification results from elite dichotomy
3 main institutions where power has become concentrated: economic, political, and military

Question 36

Omi and Winant

Answer 36

states are intricately bound with group formations and not with neutral institutions
not all racial states are racist

Question 37

Fortier and Wong

Answer 37

indin agents are social workers

Question 38

Kincaid

Answer 38

social movements, right and left

Question 39

Rivera

Answer 39

how social status and upbringing can impact job opportunities

Question 40

Pager

Answer 40

how a criminal record can be formed by social status and later impacts future