Reading Quiz 4 Flashcards
Neoclassical Architecture
Also called new classical
Describes buildings that are inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.
Neoclassical buildings have many of these features: symmetrical shape, tall columns that rise the full height of the building, triangular pediment, and domed roof.
Neoclassicism was a European movement that dominated during the 18th century
It expressed the order and rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment.
Andrea Palladio
During the Age of Enlightenment, writings by Palladio were widely translated and read.
He was a Renaissance Italian architect
1518-1580
Loved the Pantheon of Ancient Rome.
Designed the Villa Rotonda in Vicenza Italy (1550-1570) which was inspired by the Pantheon.
Marc-Antoine Laugier
Important 18th century thinker
French Jesuit priest
He theorized that all architecture derives from three basic elements: the column, the entablature, and the pediment.
In 1753 he published a book-length essay that outlined his theory that all architecture grows from this shape which he called the Primitive Hut
He was in search of the perfect form.
The Age of Enlightenment
Expressed order and rationalism
Was an intellectual movement most fertile between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in central Europe (France and Germany most distinctly) as well as in Russia and North America.
It was a time of improved health conditions and economic prosperity,
There was an emergence of colonial trade
Time when people had an optimistic and utilitaristic perspective on society and the individual.
Parthenon
Located in Athens Temple dedicated to all the Gods Means common to all Gods Built by Pericles using the Persian defense fund Was constructed around 447 BC
Pantheon
Located in Rome
Temple dedicated to all the Gods
Built by Emperor Hadrian in 118-125 AD
Derived from the word Parthenon meaning “common to all Gods”
Celebrated as one of the great monuments of Roman antiquity.
Thomas Jefferson
One of the most influential Founding Fathers.
He drew upon Palladian and Classical ideals when he drew architectural plans for the new nation, the US.
Jefferson designed the Virginia State Capitol in 1788 in the Neoclassical design
It has been called one of the ten buildings that changed America
Was heavily inspired by Roman architecture in particular which he deemed a reflection of US ideals for democracy.
Jefferson’s Monticello
President Jefferson’s stately 1769 mansion & slave plantation, with tours, a museum, a cafe & more
Jefferson designed the building himself.
It’s located just outside Charlottesville Virginia
Initially used neoclassical design principles described by Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio
It’s a national historic landmark.
The US Capitol
Designed in the Federal Style
Also called Capitol Hill
Is the seat of the United States Congress
It sits atop Capitol Hill, at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C..
The original building was completed in the year 1800 and was subsequently expanded, particularly with the addition of the massive dome.
Virginia State Capitol Building
Designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1788
Designed in the neoclassical form
Has been called one of the ten buildings that changed America
Located in Richmond Virginia
Jefferson was originally approached to find a suitable architect for the project only to take on the task himself.
Busby Berkley
1895-1976
Movie director and musical choreography
Was known for choreographing kaleidoscopic shots in dance numbers
developed the overhead shot
Worked on Roman Scandals with Eddie Cantor
the Hays Code
Began in 1934 abandoned in 1968
Moral censorship guidelines that governed the production of most US movies
Also called the Motion Picture Production Code
Named after Will H. Hays, who was the president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
The code began to weaken due to the combined impact of television, influence from foreign films, bold directors pushing the envelope, and intervention from the courts
John Murray Anderson
1886-1954
Theater director and producer, actor, vaudevillian
He worked in almost every genre of show business
He also directed plays in London
In World War I he served in the American Bureau of Information.
permanent wave
Machine that permanently caused a wave in hair Used chemicals and heat Invented by Charles nestler Popular in 1920-30’s More commonly called a perm
Jewish vaudevillians
Arose in 1922
English speaking jewish comedians
Exaggerated facial makeup to look jewish
after immigration the jewish banned together for entertainment.
Permitted to perform with the ziegfald follies
screen actors guild
American labor union Founded in 1933 represent film and tv Fair working conditions for performers Eddie cantor lead the way represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide
burlesque
Popular 1860-1940s
Dramatical or musical work intended to cause laughter.
Big during Prohibition
American style started to focus on female nudity.
Competed with vaudeville.
blackface
1930s-40s
Form of theatrical makeup that created stereotypical black person
used in vaudeville
Eddie cantor used it
Important performance tradition in American theater for 100 yrs that ended with Civil Rights movements.
Jim Crow
1876-1965
Jim Crow Laws were enacted in the south of the US to segregate blacks
Used as a stereotype in films
“Jim Crow” was a derisive slang term for a black man
Named after a popular 19th-century minstrel song that stereotyped African Americans
minstrel shows
Acts and dancing of white people in blackface
Made black people look lazy and dumb.
Replaced by vaudeville in the 1940s
3 act structure:1 dance and song 2variety entertainment
slapstick musical skits
James Bland
Late 1800s
African American musician and song writer
First popular black actor and song writer
worlds greatest minstrel man
wrote over 700 songs
Bert Williams
1874 -1922
Black Vaudeville comedian
Key figure in African-American entertainment
performed for the Ziegfeld Follies from 1910-1919
First black American to take a lead role on Broadway.
Sigmeund Freud
1856-1939
Austrian neurologist
Developed techniques such as free association and transference
Was very interested in the unconscious self
Known as the father of psychoanalysis
Cab Calloway
1907-1994
American jazz scat singer and bandleader
Associated with the cotton club
Cotton club :white club with black entertainers
black superstar who wrote minnie the moocher in 1931
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1882-1945 32nd US president Had polio (wheelchair) Held office 4 times Created the New Deal and helped the US start to come back from the Great Depression.
WPA
1935 Works Progress Administration FDR created to provide economic relief during the great depression Created 5000 jobs for artists liquidated during low unemployment
NRA
National recovery administration Established by FDR in 1933 for fair practices and set prices Their slogan was "We do our Part” Hugh Samuel Johnson was head of the NRA Logo featured the blue American Thunderbird with symbols from Greek and Roman mythology
CCC
Civilian conservation corps
Work relief program for unemployed, unmarried, men from relief families
FDR had the CCC go out and plant 3 billion trees to fix the dust bowl.
1933-1942
Targeted men ages 18-25
Ben Hur
Silent movie made in 1925
Struggles of a jewish family in Ancient roman times
Based off of novel by Lew Wallace
Originally shot in Italy only to be completely reshot in California.
Was also a play on broadway for many years
Lew Wallace
1827-1905 Author of ben hur Union General in American Civil War Governor of the New Mexico territory Caught and captured Billy the Kid
Robert E Sherwood
Movie critic for vanity fair magazine co author of roman scandals founding member of the famed algonquin literacy circle Was a hero in ww1 used anti war themes in his books
