ARH300 Quiz 2 Flashcards
Pompey
The one man in Rome who seemed capable of meeting the governor of Spain- Sertorius.
A young officer who had gained experience under Sulk.
Pompey brought the Spanish campaign to a successful conclusion in 72 B.C. after Sertorius had been murdered by a rival.
Gained consulship contrary to Sulla’s laws in 70 BC alongside Crassus
Member of The First Triumvirate.
Crassus
The praetor, who had served under Sulla.
Defeated Spartacus in the south in 71 BC.
Crassus and Pompey were personal enemies who campaigned on a common platform
Promised the restoration of most of the democratic institutions that had been abolished by Sulk.
Gained consulship contrary to Sulla’s laws in 70 BC alongside Pompey
Spartacus
a Thracian gladiator (111-71 BC)
Was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.
In 73 BC he gathered a band consisting largely of Cimbri and Teutons enslaved in Marius’ wars and terrorized all of Southern Italy.
During 73 and 72 BC he defeated the consular armies sent against him
The praetor, Licinius Crassus, defeated him in the south in 71 BC.
Mithridates
Rome was at war with the Mithridates
By 75 mc. Mithridates was again active, this time in concert with Sertorius
Lucullus was sent against Mithridate in 74 BC and continued in command until 66 BC but could not win the war.
Pompey was placed in command of all the eastern provinces with full power to carry on the war with the Mithridates in 67 BC
Pompey drove the Mithridates beyond Caucasus.
Cicero
Rome’s ablest orator
Won consulship in 64 BC
Was conspired against by Catiline, a former opponent in the run for consul, but was kept informed and was able to expose him for what he was thereby forcing him to leave the city.
Was asked to join The First Triumvirate but refused, seeing it as nothing more than a group of selfish politicians.
Was exiled by Caesar’s henchman, Clods in 58 BC
The First Triumvirate
The return of Pompey in 61 BC caused the formation of The First Triumvirate.
Political cabal consisting of the joined forces of Caeser, Pompey, and Crassus
Caesar was to have the support of Crassus’ wealth and Pompey’s military prestige, both in his campaign and during his term,
Caesar was to secure for Crassus certain favors demanded by the knights.
Caesar offered Pompey ratification of his eastern settlement and a bonus for his soldiers.
consul
An official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the government’s citizens and interests there
One of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the Roman Republic
Highest elected office of the Roman Republic
Appointive office under the Empire.
Some of the consuls of Rome include Pompey, Caesar, Cicero, and Crassus.
Julias Caesar
Became consul in 59 BC with the help of The First Triumvirate
Caesar became dictator of Rome following the Civil War.
By 45 B.C. Caesar had determined to maintain himself as an autocratic ruler of the Roman world
Caesar had been appointed dictator at first for an indefinite term, then for ten years, and finally for life.
On the fifteenth of March, 44 B.C., Caesar was slain, and anarchy and civil war once more broke out.
Civil War, Gaul
Caesar and Pompey were equally responsible for the outbreak of this war
Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalus
Pompey fled to Egypt where he was murdered
Caesar followed to Alexandria, where he tried to reconcile the difficulties between King Ptolemy and his sister Cleopatra, but he was besieged in the center of the city and extricated himself with difficulty.
The Battle of Munda (March 45 BC) ended all armed resistance
Mark Antony
Caesar’s confidant
Roman politician and general (83-30 BC)
Main rival of Caesar’s successor Octavian
Integral part of Rome’s transition from republic to empire
His romantic and political alliance with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra was his ultimate undoing.
Octavian/Augustus
Caesar’s grandnephew (63 BC- AD 14)
Caesar named him his heir in his will
Formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus to defeat the assassins of Caesar.
Following their victory, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic amongst themselves and ruled as military dictators.
Founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD
Cleopatra
Caesar set Cleopatra on the throne as the sole ruler during the Civil War
Cleopatra’s family ruled Egypt for more than 100 years before she was born around 69 BC
She took the throne in 51 BC at age 18 alongside her brother.
Is said to be Julius Caesar’s lover.
Aligned with Mark Antony following Caesar’s assassination in 44 BC
Villanovans
The culture of people of Northern Italy in the early Iron Age (c. 1100-700 BC)
The term is derived from the town of Villanova.
The Villanovans were followed by the Etruscans.
They are believed to have originally come from Central Europe.
They brought with them a reasonably advanced Iron Age culture, closely related to the Hallstatt culture.
Etruscans
Rome was taken over by the Etruscans from the north ca. 616 BC to 509 BC
Etruscans helped to civilize Rome.
They brought them temples
The Capitoline Hill and Roman Forum were developed by the Etruscans.
In 509 BCE the Latins throw out the Etruscans and create the Roman Republic.
Populonia
Populonia was the only ancient Etruscan city situated on the sea.
It was the biggest centre on the Mediterranean specialized in the smelting of iron from ore.
It’s situated on the top of a hill, with the sea all around.
The name of the Etruscan city is known from its coins
The earliest evidence of Etruscans is from two necropolis containing material of the Villanova culture, which as from the Iron Age and began about 900 BC.
Roman Forum
Roman Senate met here
Forum = “public place”
primary function: politics, speeches, trials, etc.
Went out of use in 7th century AD
Intorduced to the Romans by the Etruscans.
Curia
Theatre of Pompey
Where Julius Caesar was murdered
The senate building where the popular assembly assembled to vote
Means “court”
Caesar initiated the construction of Curia Julia and it was completed by his nephew Octavian.
Comitium
subdivision of the people- tribe
came to mean also the meeting place where the tribe discussed its affairs
derived from the Latin term “co-viria” literally an “association of men”
It was located in the North West corner of the Roman Forum
During the Roman Republic the Tribal Assembly and Plebeian Assembly met there.
Roman Republic
Democracy formed by the Romans after overthrowing the Etruscans in 509 BC
Led by 2 consuls who were elected annually
Highly stratified; the upper class ruled (Patricians) and the vast lower class were unhappy (Plebeians)
Ended when Octavian became emperor in 27 BC
Consul still existed after this, but only as a figure head.
Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus were twin sons of Rhea Silivia and MArs
They and their mother were cast into the Tiber River.
The god Tiberinus saved Rhea from drowning and the brothers were rescued by a she-wolf.
Romulus and Remus killed Amulius, the brother of their grandfather, and settled the Palatine Hill in 753 BCE
They became a symbol for Rome,
aqueduct
water channel built by Romans to bring them water
Many of them are still standing today
There were approximately 11 major aqueducts leading to Rome
They used arches and overlapping channels so that they could be built on top of one another
By the third century AD, the city had eleven aqueducts, sustaining a population of over a million.
cloaca maxima
600 BC
The “Great Sewer” is in use today
Built by Roman King before the emperors were in power
Most famous Roman drain
What was originally a ditch was later turned into an underground channel that was vaulted and big enough to sail through.
Roman Theater
Derive from the earlier Greek theaters
Roman theaters have specific differences, such as being built upon their own foundations instead of earthen works or a hillside and being completely enclosed on all sides
They were built in all areas of the empire from Spain to the Middle East
Their design, with its semicircular form, enhances the natural acoustics.
Theaters hosted events such as plays, pantomimes, choral events, and orations
Pompey the Great
Great Roman general puts down revolts in Sicily, Africa, Spain
Active in slave wars of 70s BC vs Spartacus
71 BC— Consul of Rome
General who lived from 106-48 BC
Was eventually killed in Egypt after getting into a civil war with Caesar
