Classics Quiz 3

Question 1

Julio-Claudians

Answer 1

None of the emperors after Augustus came even remotely close to his success.
The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors.
They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century 27 AD until AD 68
None of the Julio-Claudians were succeeded by his son.
Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero

Question 2

Augustus

Answer 2

Took the name Octavian in 27 BC
Was the emperor of Rome from 31 BC- 14 AD
Was often called the living Apollo
Had the Ara Pacis made in his honor in 9 BC
He avoided hubris by calling himself “the first among equals”

Question 3

Nero

Answer 3

Nero was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68
Was the last emperor in the Julio-Claudian dynasty
Focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade and enhancing the cultural life of the Empire.
He ordered theatres built and promoted athletic games.
He is infamously known as the Emperor who “fiddled while Rome burned”.

Question 4

Vespasian

Answer 4

Was Roman Emperor from AD 69 to AD 79
Founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for twenty seven years.
Vespasian’s renown came from his military success.
He reformed the financial system at Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully.
He built the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum.

Question 5

Flavian Dynasty

Answer 5

Was a Roman Imperial Dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between AD 69 and AD 96
Encompassing the reigns of Vespasian and his two sons
The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
The Flavians initiated economic and cultural reforms.
massive building program was enacted to celebrate the ascent of the Flavian dynasty, leaving multiple enduring landmarks in the city of Rome including the Colosseum

Question 6

Pompeii

Answer 6

Destruction of Pompeii AD 79
Mount Vesuvius erupted and destroyed the city
Johann Winkelmann was responsible for popularizing Pompeii in the 1750s
People who died at Pompeii left organic materials in the ground that were cast in plaster
population of 10-20,000 that had everything you would want in regards to religious, political, and commercial development

Question 7

Colosseum

Answer 7

Also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre
Built of concrete and stone, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built
Replaced the pond Nero constructed for his own personal use during his reign
Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in 72 AD
The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators

Question 8

Pantheon

Answer 8

Dedicated to the worship of every God
Was built by the Emperor Hadrian between 118 and 125 ADA
The building is circular with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns under a pediment
It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings.
Pantheon is derived from the Ancient Greek “Pantheon” meaning “of, relating to, or common to all the gods”

Question 9

Reasons fro the decline of the Roman Empire

Answer 9

1. such as the rise of Christianity,
2. the role of emperor Constantine in moving the capitol from Rome,
3. the danger of earthquakes especially in the east,
4. the spread of the worst kind of malaria through Italy

Question 10

colonial period

Answer 10

Can be applied to the House of the Seven Gables (c. 1668) in Salem Mass., with its rambling medieval appearance.
Can be applied to Mount Pleasant (1762) in Philadelphia Pa, which illustrated the restrained adaptation of classical Renaissance forms.
Is also used in modern real estate jargon to describe late 19th and 20th century structures that include such familiar 18th century motifs as exterior shutters, Palladian windows and broken pediment doorways.
Colonial refers to historical and political periods and tell little about the appearance of a building.
Not a useful stylistic designation.

Question 11

Georgian

Answer 11

Architectural label derived from a historical period.
Georgian period was between 1714 and 1775 when the Georges of England ruled the American colonies.
Reflected Renaissance ideals
The style generally terminated in America with the Revolutionary War
Was made popular in England by architect Sir Christopher Wren.

Question 12

Andrea Palladio

Answer 12

It was from Palladio, that builders of colonial country estates, especially those in Maryland and Virginia, borrowed the idea of the five-part composition
The five-part composition consisted of a central block with connected dependencies
The Palladian window was a large arched central window flanked by narrower rectangular windows.
Was an Italian architect from the 16th century
The work of Wren and his followers was based on much of Palladio’s work

Question 13

Robert Adam

Answer 13

The Adamesque style was essentially a creative amalgam of Renaissance and Palladian forms, the delicacy of the French Rococo, and the classic architecture of Greece and Rome.
Lived from 1728-92.
In 1764 he published the first volume of architectural measured drawings of domestic Roman architecture.
The Adamesqueas found in the US is known as the Federal style, for it flowered in the early decades of the new nation.
It was in their decorative interiors that the Adam brothers excelled and differed most pronouncedly from Palladian architectural design.

Question 14

Jeffersonian Style

Answer 14

Jefferson is remembered for his unique architectural achievement at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.
He used the Maison Career, a Roman temple, as his inspiration.
He created the first pure temple form in American architecture.
He created the Virginia State Capitol himself, after being asked to find an architect.
To Jefferson, the Roman orders were the first principals of architecture and symbolized the republican form of government he believed was being revived in the New World.

Question 15

Greek Revival

Answer 15

Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764-1820) was the architect and engineer responsible for some of America’s most notable structures.
During the 1830s and 40s in the US Greek Revival buildings flourished as nowhere else.
One reason for its appeal was the often expressed sentiment that Americans were the spiritual successors of ancient Greece, with its democratic ideals.
The most easily identifiable features of a Greek-inspired house are columns and pilasters- though not every Greek Revival structure has them.
Hallmarks of the style are bold, simple moldings on both the exterior and the interior, pedimented gables, heavy cornices with unadorned friezes and horizontal torsos above entrances.

Question 16

Beaux-Arts

Answer 16

The Beaux-Arts style heavily influenced the architecture of the United States in the period from 1880 to 1920.
Refers essentialy to the aesthetic principles enunciated and perpetuated by the Ecole des beaux-arts in France.
The Ecole was established in the Napoleonic era.
It was the successor to that part of the French academy that was founded in the 17th century to monitor painting, sculpture, and architecture.
expresses the academic neoclassical architectural style

Question 17

Thomas Jefferson’s importance to America

Answer 17

He is the reason for the creation of America’s first comprehensive national library.
His collection covered everything from archeology to zoology.
He had the largest privately owned library in America.
In 1815 it took 10 wagons to carry his donated collection to the US Capitol.
A fire in 1851 destroyed some of his collection, however, it is in the process of being restored.

Question 18

Busby Berkeley

Answer 18

He created a unique realization of music on film
He used only one camera to bring fantasies to the screen
His life was about as dramatic as one of his films.
He set the standard for the genre of musical comedies.
He was born into a theatrical family who inspired his passion.

Question 19

Eddie Cantor

Answer 19

His character is known generally to the public as “The Kid”.
The Kid was usually perceived by audiences of the time as a character containing something of Cantor himself.
He was the orphaned offspring of a Jewish immigrant family.
He was highly successful on Broadway, in the new medium of radio, on records and in film.
One of America’s giants of the entertainment business.

Question 20

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 20

Known as the “Father of hate radio”
In the days preceding WWII, Coughlin often urged his listeners to support Mussolini’s racism
He would also engage in anti-Jewish rhetoric.
He crossed the line between religious programming and political action programming.
Was a controversial Roman Catholic priest based near Detroit

Question 21

Roman Scandals

Answer 21

Was first shown for the end of the Christmas and holiday season of 1933.
It was appreciated as amusing light family entertainment.
It was a successful vehicle for its enormously popular and enduring star Eddie Cantor.
Roman Scandals views a remote place and time (ancient imperial Rome) through the prism of modern American society (the heart of the Great depression)
Helped promote understanding of what life was like in America when the Depression was at its most frightening.

Question 22

March of Dimes

Answer 22

Established in 1938.
Was a play on a popular newsreel program called the March of Time.
It was shown before the main feature in movie theaters.
Organized school children across the country to collect money to fight polio.
Founded by Eddie Cantor.

Question 23

Franklin D Roosevelt & the New Deal

Answer 23

Designed to provide basic support money for starving, unemployed families
Was meant to help the country’s deteriorating infrastructure of public works.
Roman Scandals supported President Roosevelt’s attempts to urge people not to give up hope and give the New Deal time to work.
The first phase of the New Deal was particularly effective.
Established in 1933

Question 24

National Recovery Administration

Answer 24

Was a prime New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933.
The goal was to eliminate “cut-throat competition” by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of “fair practices” and set prices.
Business owners in 1933 were encouraged to display emblems of the NRA such as “We do our part!” featuring a blue American Thunderbird
Hugh Samuel Johnson designed the eagle and was the head of the NRA.
The NRA, symbolized by the Blue Eagle, was popular with workers.

Question 25

Herbert Hoover

Answer 25

1929-1933
FDR succeeded President Hoover
He was not media savvy.
Essentially supported the big business policies of buying stocks with no margin.
Had no answer for the ills of the country other than hoping that the ship of state would somehow right itself by trusting in big business and opposing government regulation.

Question 26

The Great Depression

Answer 26

Time of staggering unemployment so bad that many people were forced to live outdoors near city dumps.
The great stock market crash of October 1929 was the catalyst for the Great Depression
Consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers.
1929-1939
Was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world

Question 27

Bank Night

Answer 27

Bank Night quickly became a staple of movie theaters in the Depression
They offered tangible hope of escaping one’s financial predicament.
A concept invented by 20th Century Fox booking agent Charles U. Yaeger in Denver Colorado.
You signed your name in a book and got a number which was drawn by lot on Bank Night and you might win cash prizes.
The movies remained popular throughout the 30’s because of their cheap cost and prizes such as Bank Night.

Question 28

Depression Modern Style of art

Answer 28

Roman Scandals was designed inDepression Modern-style.
It was a new style expressly concocted for dealing with the Great Depression.
Came to be known as Depression Modern thanks to its chronicler Martin Greif.
It reflected a desire to do away with the extravagant Greek and Roman styles for more modern, streamlined design that showed the influence of airplanes and ocean liners.
The idea that beautiful form could follow function became dominant.

Question 29

Clara Bow

Answer 29

She was the embodiment of a flapper.
For Elinor, the most typical symbol of the 1920s woman was Clara Bow
She was a redheaded bundle of energy whose iconic popularity soared in her time.
Clara Bow’s star faded sharply as the ‘30s and a new view of women appeared.
Bow tried to adapt to the changing times, appearing as a full-figure ‘30s bombshell, but her reign was over was she fell victim to alleged and sometimes untrue scandals.

Question 30

“It”

Answer 30

In the 1920s girls who fit into the flapper mode were said to have “It”.
This was an idea put forward in Cosmopolitan magazine by the British interpreter of the American scene Elinor Glyn.
Such women said itillating things, could wear exotic clothing items and accessories and yet were great companions for males escorting them to parties.
They wore lighter garments of silk and rayon and threw away their corsets, preferring to wear clothing that might be as 1/10th as heavy as their older wear.
The most typical “It” girl was Clara Bow.

Question 31

Art Deco

Answer 31

Hard-edged, crystal-line rhombic look
influential visual arts design style that first appeared in France just before WWI.
Flourished internationally in the 1920s, 30s and 40s before its popularity waned after WWII.
It is an eclectic style that combines traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery and materials.
Often characterized by rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation.

Question 32

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

Answer 32

Dancers who exemplified the Depression Modern-style.
The pencil thin Fred appeared streamlined, like a Depression Modern-accent.
The curvilinear blonde, round faced Ginger was the ideal of the 30s female look.
Katherine Hepburn put it simply, “She gives him sex and he gives her class.”
Their choreography embodied the style of their time.

Question 33

Raymond Loewy

Answer 33

Industrial designer from Paris
The look of the art of the 1930s had been espoused by Loewy.
He was a great admirer of simplification.
The computer font now known as Broadway was originally largely his invention
He campaigned to streamline and simplify lettering to improve clarity and readability in all products being sold to the public.

Question 34

bakelite

Answer 34

Bakelite was much safer to produce than Celluloid.
Bakelite was a plastic invented by the amazing Belgian scientist Leo Baekland.
Roman Scandals had highly polished Bakelite floors
A powerful synthetic plastic invented in 1907.
It was developed through the 1920s and became one of the major symbols of the capabilities of science to enhance modern life.

Question 35

the Both- And- Style

Answer 35

This was a style that combined the desired artistic form with a more traditional style.
It had developed particularly in NYC in the 1910s with the demand for skyscrapers and the need to provide striking designs for them.