reading on restraint and disinhibition

Question 1

disinhibition and obesity!!!

Answer 1

Literature review: Bryant et al., 2019=
Disinhibition and Restraint’s Role:
Both play key roles in obesity status, diet quality, and the psychopathology of disordered eating.
Many studies are observational, so no causal link can be confirmed.
Importance of Understanding Traits:
Insights into these traits can help improve weight loss interventions and treatments for eating disorder symptoms.
Impact of High Disinhibition:

Associated with:
Increased BMI and fat mass.
Poor diet quality and overall health issues.
Problematic eating behaviors (e.g., binge eating, food cravings, food addiction).
Weight regain after weight loss.
Leads to higher energy intake and greater susceptibility to disturbed eating behaviors.

Impact of Restraint:
Positive effects:
Linked to lower body weight, better weight regulation, and improved diet quality.
Negative effects:
Associated with obesity susceptibility, poorer diets, and overeating.
Results are mixed due to the challenges of maintaining cognitive control in environments full of highly palatable foods.

Key Intervention Target:
Focus should be on reducing Disinhibition, as its impact on obesity and disturbed eating is more potent, rather than simply increasing Restraint

Question 2

parents disinhibition and link to children

Answer 2

Shields et al., 2022=
taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents. (executive functioning)

Question 3

effects of disinhibition:

Answer 3

lawson et al., 1995-High Dietary Restraint was associated with intent to diet and controlled eating. High scores on the Disinhibition Scale were associated with episodic overeating. Groups did not differ in resting metabolic rate (controlled for fat-free mass). Lower thermic effect of food was found to be associated with the obesity found in High Disinhibition subjects. Thus, Dietary Restraint was not associated with significant adverse effects upon physical or psychological health. High Disinhibition, however, was associated with adiposity and significant disturbances of eating.

Question 4

defining restrcition

Answer 4

Polivy et al., 2020-
Defining and measuring such qualities as restrained eating or dieting may require more than simply administering questionnaires and assuming that we are identifying the population that we wish to study. Different questionnaires may identify different types of restrained eaters, and even deciding what restrained eating consists of is a complicated endeavor. We discuss how to define and measure restrained eating, specifying key attributes, and acknowledging the problems inherent in relying on self-report instruments. We conclude that given the difficulties in defining such constructs as restrained eating, we need to specify more clearly exactly what our research questions are, in order to be sure that we are identifying the populations with the attributes necessary to answer those questions.