Reading & Language (Chap 9 & 10)

Question 1

linguistic determinism

Answer 1

idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought

Question 2

linguistic relativity

Answer 2

he structure of a language affects the ways in which its respective speakers conceptualize their world

Question 3

mental lexicon

Answer 3

mental store of information about words

Question 4

semantic

Answer 4

word’s meaning

Question 5

syntactic

Answer 5

how we combine words

Question 6

How can different languages have an influence on how we think?

Answer 6

e.g some languages have words for things English doesn’t - e.g Shadenfreude (pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others) - but we can still think about this as a concept - isn’t restricting us about thinking about someone who might do this.

Question 7

Linguistic relativity is also known as ?

Answer 7

Whorfism

Question 8

What is the gold standard is linguistic relativity research now?

Answer 8

now finding cognitive differences in speakers of different language when no language is involved in an experimental task

Question 9

How is a lexicon organised?

Answer 9

Conceptual (the entire lexicon) - Lemma - Lexeme

Question 10

Lexeme and lemmas

Answer 10

Words with the same meaning (Run, run, running etc) - lemma is the head word so Run

Question 11

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 11

Also known as expressive aphasia

-is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language (spoken or written)

Question 12

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 12

Also known as receptive aphasia

- Characterized by the loss of ability to understand and produce meaningful language

Question 13

Word Selection Anomia

Question 14

Conductance Aphasia

Answer 14

• relatively rare

An acquired language disorder, it is characterised by intact auditory comprehension, fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production, but poor speech repetition. They are fully capable of understanding what they are hearing but they will have difficulty repeating phrases that are said to them

Question 15

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 15

involves damage to specific areas of the temporal lobe of the brain, resulting in symptoms such as poor comprehension and naming, have fluent spontaneous speech and exhibit paraphasia.

Question 16

Paraphasia

Answer 16

unintended syllables, words, or phrases during the effort to speak

Question 17

Agrammatism

Answer 17

Can find the correct words for things but cannot put them into sentence

Question 18

Jargon Aphasia

Answer 18

fluent aphasia in which the patient’s speech is incomprehensible, but appears to make sense to the individual

Question 19

Types of writing systems

Answer 19

pictographic, ideographic, logographic, syllabilic, alphabetic

Question 20

Pictographic writing system

Answer 20

each writing symbol is simply a representative symbol

Question 21

ideographic

Answer 21

each writing symbol represents an idea

Question 22

logographic

Answer 22

each symbol is connected to a whole word/morpheme

Question 23

syllabilic

Answer 23

like japanese WA TA SHI

Question 24

dual-route reading aloud

Answer 24

lexical routes and non-lexical routes - emphasises the importance of word regularity - consistency is more importance

Question 25

Lexical Route

Answer 25

process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a “dictionary” lookup procedure

Question 26

Non-lexical route

Answer 26

Sounding out the words

Question 27

Surface dyslexia (both aquired and developmental) route

Answer 27

impaired lexical route

Question 28

Phonological Dyslexia

Answer 28

Impaired non-lexical route