Reading & Language (Chap 9 & 10) Flashcards
linguistic determinism
idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought
linguistic relativity
he structure of a language affects the ways in which its respective speakers conceptualize their world
mental lexicon
mental store of information about words
semantic
word’s meaning
syntactic
how we combine words
How can different languages have an influence on how we think?
e.g some languages have words for things English doesn’t - e.g Shadenfreude (pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others) - but we can still think about this as a concept - isn’t restricting us about thinking about someone who might do this.
Linguistic relativity is also known as ?
Whorfism
What is the gold standard is linguistic relativity research now?
now finding cognitive differences in speakers of different language when no language is involved in an experimental task
How is a lexicon organised?
Conceptual (the entire lexicon) - Lemma - Lexeme
Lexeme and lemmas
Words with the same meaning (Run, run, running etc) - lemma is the head word so Run
Broca’s Aphasia
Also known as expressive aphasia
-is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language (spoken or written)
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Also known as receptive aphasia
- Characterized by the loss of ability to understand and produce meaningful language
Word Selection Anomia
Conductance Aphasia
- relatively rare
An acquired language disorder, it is characterised by intact auditory comprehension, fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production, but poor speech repetition. They are fully capable of understanding what they are hearing but they will have difficulty repeating phrases that are said to them
Transcortical sensory aphasia
involves damage to specific areas of the temporal lobe of the brain, resulting in symptoms such as poor comprehension and naming, have fluent spontaneous speech and exhibit paraphasia.
Paraphasia
unintended syllables, words, or phrases during the effort to speak
Agrammatism
Can find the correct words for things but cannot put them into sentence
Jargon Aphasia
fluent aphasia in which the patient’s speech is incomprehensible, but appears to make sense to the individual
Types of writing systems
pictographic, ideographic, logographic, syllabilic, alphabetic
Pictographic writing system
each writing symbol is simply a representative symbol
ideographic
each writing symbol represents an idea
logographic
each symbol is connected to a whole word/morpheme
syllabilic
like japanese WA TA SHI
dual-route reading aloud
lexical routes and non-lexical routes - emphasises the importance of word regularity - consistency is more importance
Lexical Route
process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a “dictionary” lookup procedure
Non-lexical route
Sounding out the words
Surface dyslexia (both aquired and developmental) route
impaired lexical route
Phonological Dyslexia
Impaired non-lexical route
