Expertise (Chap 12)

Question 1

What is expertise?

Answer 1

domain-specific knowledge acquired over many years

Question 2

Routine expertise

Answer 2

using acquired knowledge to solve familiar problems efficiently

Question 3

Adaptive expertise

Answer 3

involves using acquired knowledge to solve novel problems or to make decisions under uncertainty or time-pressure

Question 4

skill acquisition

Answer 4

Developing abilities through practice so as to increase the probability of goal achievement

Question 5

Chunking and expertise

Answer 5

Experts appear to use chunking in order to gain the knowledge for their expertise

Question 6

Domain specific expertise

Answer 6

Experts can have very narrow, domain specific expertise that is unable to be transferred over into any other area.

Question 7

Template

Answer 7

An abstract schematic structure consisting of a mixture of fixed and variable information about (for example) chess pieces

Question 8

Difference between competence and expertise

Answer 8

Competence = routine expertise expertise = adaptive expertise

Question 9

Which type of expertise would be required under uncertainty or time pressure?

Answer 9

• adaptive expertise, ability to adapt existing knowledge to new problems

Question 10

Naturalistic decision making paradigm

Answer 10

means of studying how people perform cognitively complex functions in demanding, real-life situations

Involves - decision making
- sense making -situational awareness

-relying on cognitive field research methods (e.g studying people in armed forces)

Question 11

rational decision making paradigm

Answer 11

process of realizing a problem, 
-establishing and evaluating planning criteria,
-creating alternatives, 
-implementing alternatives, and 
-monitoring progress of the alternatives
(used in urban planning)