Reading 28: Financial Analysis Techniques Flashcards
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
COGS / Average inventory
COGS is also a measure of “cost of sales”
Day of Inventory on Hand (DOH)
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Number of days in period / inventory turnover
Receivables Turnover Ratio
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Average Receivables
Days of Sales Outstanding (DSO)
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Number of days in period / Receivables turnover
Payables Turnover
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Purchases / Average trade payables
Number of Days of Payables Ratio
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Number of days in period / Payables turnover
Working Capital Turnover
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Average working capital
Fixed Asset Turnover
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Average net fixed assets
Total Asset Turnover
Activity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Average total assets
Current Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Current assets / current liabilities
Quick Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Cash + Short-term marketable investments + Receivables / Current liabilities
Cash Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Cash + Short-term marketable investments / Current liabilities
Defensive Interval Ratio
Liquidity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Cash + Short-term Marketable Investments + Receivables / Daily cash expenditures
Cash Conversion Cycle (net operating cycle)
Liquidity Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
DOH + DSO - Number of days payables
Debt-to-Assets Ratio
Solvency Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Total debt / Total assets
Debt-to-Capital Ratio
Solvency Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Total debt / (Total debt + Total shareholders’ equity)
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
Solvency Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Total Debt / Total shareholders’ equity
Financial Leverage Ratio
Solvency Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Average total assets / Average total equity
Interest Coverage Ratio
Coverage Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBIT / Interest payments
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
Coverage Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(EBIT + Lease payments) / (Interest payments + lease payments)
Gross Profit Margin
Profitability Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Gross profit / Revenue
Operating Profit Margin
Profitability Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Operating income / Revenue
Pretax Margin
Profitability Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBT (earnings before tax but after interest) / Revenue
Net Profit Margin
Profitability Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Net Income / Revenue
Operating ROA
Return on Investment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Operating income / Average total assets
ROA
Return on Investment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Net income / Average total assets
Return on Total Capital
Return on Investment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBIT / Short- and long-term debt and equity
ROE
Return on Investment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Net income / average total equity
Return on Common Equity
Return on Investment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(Net income - Preferred dividends) / Average common equity
ROE
(relationship between ROE and ROA; expressing ROE as a product of only two of its components)
28.1a
Financial Analysis Techniques
ROE = Net income / Average shareholders’ equity
=(Net income / Average total assets) x (Average total assets / Average shareholders’ equity)
=ROA x Leverage
ROE
(relationship between ROE and ROA; expressing ROE as a product of only two of its components, AND decomposing ROA)
28.1b
Financial Analysis Techniques
ROE = (Net income / Average shareholders’ equity)
= (Net income / Revenue) x (Revenue / Average total assets) x (Average total assets / Average shareholders’ equity)
= Net profit margin x Total asset turnover x Leverage
ROE
(relationship between ROE and ROA; expressing ROE as a product of only two of its components, AND decomposing ROA and decomposing net profit margin to separate effects of taxes and interest)
28.1c
Financial Analysis Techniques
ROE = (Net income / Average shareholders’ equity)
= (Net income / EBT) x (EBT / EBIT) x ( EBIT / Revenue) x (Revenue / Average total assets) x (Average total assets / Average shareholders’ equity)
= Tax burden x Interest burden x EBIT margin x Total asset turnover x Leverage
P/E Ratio
Valuation Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Price per share / Earnings per share
P/CF Ratio
Valuation Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Price per share / Cash flow per share
P/S Ratio
Valuation Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Price per share / Sales per share
P/BV Ratio
Valuation Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Price per share / Book value per share
Basic EPS
Valuation Ratios: Per-Share Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(Net income - preferred dividends) / Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
Diluted EPS
Valuation Ratios: Per-Share Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Adjusted income available for ordinary shares, reflecting conversion of dilutive securities / Weighted average number of ordinary and potential ordinary shares outstanding
Cash flow per share
Valuation Ratios: Per-Share Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Cash flow from operations / Weighted average number of shares outstanding
EBITDA per share
Valuation Ratios: Per-Share Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBITDA / Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Dividends per Share
Valuation Ratios: Per-Share Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Common dividends declared / Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding
Dividend Payout Ratio
Valuation Ratios: Dividend-Related Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Common share dividends / Net income attributable to common shares
Retention Rate (b)
Valuation Ratios: Dividend-Related Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(Net income attributable to common shares - common share dividends) / Net income attributable to common shares
Sustainable Growth Rate
Valuation Ratios: Dividend-Related Quantities
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
b x ROE
Coefficient of Variation of Operating Income
Business Risk Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Standard deviation of operating income / Average operating income
Coefficient of Variation of Net Income
Business Risk Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Standard deviation of net income / Average net income
Coefficient of Variation of Revenues
Business Risk Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Standard deviation of revenue / Average revenue
Capital Adequacy (banks)
Financial Sector Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Various components of capital / Various measures such as risk-weighted assets, market risk exposure, or level of operational risk assumed
Monetary Reserve Requirement (cash reserve ratio)
Financial Sector Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Reserves held at central bank / Specified deposit liabilities
Liquid Asset Requirement
Financial Sector Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Approved “readily marketable” securities / Specified deposit liabilities
Net Interest Margin
Financial Sector Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Net interest income / Total interest - earning assets
Same (or comparable) store sales
Retail Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Average revenue growth year over year for stores open in both periods / Not applicable
Sales per Square Meter ( or Square Foot)
Retail Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Total retail space in square meters ( or square feet)
Revenue per Employee
Service Company Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Revenue / Total number of employees
Net Income per Employee
Service Company Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Net income / Total number of employees
Average Daily Rate
Hotel Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Room revenue / Number of rooms sold
Occupancy Rate
Hotel Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Number of rooms sold / Number of rooms available
EBIT interest coverage
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBIT / Gross interest (prior to deductions for capitalized interest or interest income)
EBITDA interest coverage
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBITDA / Gross interest (prior to deductions for capitalized interest or interest income)
FFO (Funds from operations) Interest Coverage
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
FFO plus interest paid, inus operating lease adjustments / Gross interest (prior to deductions for capitalized interest or interest income)
Return on Capital
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
EBIT / Average capital
Where: capital = equity, plus non-current deferred taxes, plus debt
FFO (Funds from operations)
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
FFO / Total debt
Free Operation Cash Flow to Debt
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(CFO (adjusted) - capital expenditures) / Total debt
Discretionary Cash Flow to Debt
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(CFO - capital expenditures - dividends paid) / Total debt
Net Cash Flow to Capital Expenditures
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
(FFO - Dividends) / Capital expenditures
Debt to EBITDA
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Total debt / EBITDA
Total debt to total debt plus equity
Credit Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Total debt / (Total debt + Equity)
Segment Margin
Segment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Segment profit or loss / Segment revenue
Segment Turnover
Segment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Segment revenue / Segment assets
Segment ROA
Segment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Segment profit (or loss) / Segment assets
Segment Debt Ratio
Segment Ratios
28.x
Financial Analysis Techniques
Segment liabilities / Segment assets