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Chemistry (Helena) > Reactivity Series > Flashcards

Reactivity Series Flashcards

1
Q

Simple non metal ions have names which end in…

A

-IDE

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2
Q

non metal compound ions containing oxygen have names which end with…

A

-ATE

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3
Q

what is the word equation for metal reacting with acid?

A

Metal+acid= salt and hydrogen Gas

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4
Q

what is the word equation for magnesium and steam?

A

Magnesium + water = magnesium + hydrogen

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5
Q

Why was the reaction between potassium and dilute sulphuric acid not attempted?

A

Would react to vigourously and it is too dangerous

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6
Q

what is the definition of displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound (as a solid or an aqueous solution)

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7
Q

What apparatus is used for the thermite faction?

A 
Safety mat
tripod
gauze
beaker
bowl
fluted filter paper
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8
Q

What substances are used in a thermite reaction using Mg?

A

Magnesium fuse
fuse powder
thermite mixture (aluminium and iron oxide)
sand and water in a beaker

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9
Q

Obvservation of a thermite reaction?

A

Very exothermic reaction
orangy/white flame as it drops through
black and grey sprees of iron (magnetic)

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10
Q

What is the substances in the thermite reaction used for?

A

Welding

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11
Q

Definition of oxidised?

A

Lose of electrons resulting in loss of oxygen

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12
Q

Definition of reduction

A

Gain of electrons = gain of oxygen

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13
Q

in what is the main extraction of metals?

A

The blast furnace

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14
Q

What are the three raw materials used in the extraction of iron?

A

Iron ore
coke
limestone

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15
Q

What makes up iron ore?

A
  • Haematite (iron III oxide)

- Also contains impurities e.g. sand

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16
Q

what forms coke

A

formed from coal

mainly pure carbon

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17
Q

what forms limestone?

A

Calcium carbonate (mainly

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18
Q

Why does the ion sink?

A

Because it is very dense

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19
Q

What goes into the blast furnace?

A

Iron ore
coke
limestone

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20
Q

Which gas is released from the blast furnace?

A

Wast gasses eg carbon dioxide all v hot.

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21
Q

What is the collecting known as

A

‘the charge’

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22
Q

what is the blast furnace made of?

A

Made of steal lined with fire proof bricks

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23
Q

What is put in the bottom of the blast furnace?

A

blasts of hot air

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24
Q

what two substances comes out the bottom of the blast furnace.

A

Molten Iron

molten Slag

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25
Q

What are the conditions needed for rusting?

A

Air (oxygen) and water

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26
Q

What is rust?

A

Iron oxide

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27
Q

What is the only metal that rusts?

A

Iron

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28
Q

Attaching a more reactive metal to a less reactive metal does what?

A

Prevents rusting

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29
Q

What does the hot air react with and to produce what firstly in the blast furnace?

A

coke to produce carbon dioxide

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30
Q

what is kind of reaction is the first reaction between coke and oxygen?

A

Exothermic Reaction

31
Q

Blast Furnace: When the carbon dioxide is produced in the BF what kind of reaction then occurs between the carbon dioxide and the coke?

A

redox reaction

32
Q

what causes the blast furnace to get up to 1600-2000C?

A

Exothermic reaction

33
Q

When the carbon monoxide is produced what does it react with primarily?

A

-Iron oxide in the iron ore

34
Q

What happens to the liquid iron?

A

trickles down and is collected at the bast of the furnace

35
Q

what is the reducing agent in the furnace?

A

Carbon monoxide

36
Q

Why is it so hot n the furnace?

A

So the iron is produced as a liquid

37
Q

What is cast iron?

A

what is collected at the bottom of the furnace

-very strong but brittle does not have many uses

38
Q

What happens to the iron when it is transported to steel works?

A

Carbon is remixed by bubbling oxygen gas through the liquid iron.
-controlled amounts of carbon/other elements are added to make steal

39
Q

What is steal an example of?

40
Q

What is the main impurity in the iron ore?

A

Sand

-acidic oxide

41
Q

what is added to the impurities of iron to make them pure?

42
Q

what happens to the calcium carbonate inside the blast furnace?

A

Thermal decomposition

43
Q

What is the chemical name for slag?

A

Calcium silicate

44
Q

what reacts with silicon dioxide in a neutralisation reaction?

A

calcium oxide

45
Q

What is slag used for?

A

road construction
brieze blocks
building trade

46
Q

definition of a redox reaction?

A

When both reduction and oxidation occur

47
Q

what is the oxidising agent?

A

The substance that provides the oxygen and therefore the substance that is reduced during the reaction

48
Q

What is the reducting agent?

A

accepts the oxygen and therefore during the reaction becomes oxidised

49
Q

What is the most common iron ore used in the BF

50
Q

What are alloys?

A

Mixtures of metals

stiffer and stronger than pure metal

51
Q

What makes an alloy malleable and ductile?

A

the metal changes shape as the layers slide when it is pulled up.

52
Q

almost all the iron we use is converted into what?

53
Q

by alloying iron what does it do? EG stainless steal + ?

A

stronger and less brittle

stainless steel contains chromium prevents rusting

54
Q

what does brittle mean?

A

Breaks easily

55
Q

What is cast iron used for?

A

Manhole covers or engine blocks

56
Q

Low carbon steel (mild steel) has what properties and is used for what?

A
  • malleable
  • car bodies
  • construction (buildings, bridges, ships)
57
Q

High carbon steel is used for what?

A

making tools

58
Q

Stainless steel is used for what and why?

A

Cutlery

used when steel shouldn’t rust and its resistant to corrostion

59
Q

manganese steel is used for what and why?

A

Railway points because its very hard

60
Q

aluminium is extracted from which ore?

61
Q

What is bauxite?

A

-aluminium oxide mixed with impurities such as sand and iron oxide

62
Q

How is aluminium extracted from purified aluminium oxide (alumina)

A

Electrolysis

63
Q

solid aluminium oxide does not conduct electricity why?

A
  • giant ionic struc.
  • strong ionic bonding
  • solid ions held in a fixed position they are not mobile so cannot carry electric current
64
Q

Aluminium oxide melts at a very high temperature (2000C). Very expensive to keep the temp this high. So aluminium oxide is DISSOLVED in liquid cryolite (mpg 1000 C) Why?

A
  • liquid cryolite = solvent
  • to lower operating temp
  • aluminium oxide on dissolving to make a solution can conduct electric current
  • ions now mobile
65
Q

What ions are attracted to the negative electrode for the electrolysis of Aluminium oxide and why?

A

Al3+

attracted because there positively charged

66
Q

what is made at the negative electrode?

-electrolysis of aluminium oxide

A

aluminium atoms to for Al metal

67
Q

What is made at the positive electrode (electrolyse of Al oxide)

A

oxygen gas

oxide ions attracted to positive electrode

68
Q

What are two properties of aluminium that makes it useful for making drink cans?

A

Malleable

less dense

69
Q

what role does aluminium oxide and cryolite play in the extraction of aluminium?

A

-Aluminium oxide=compound which Al is extracted from

Cryolite- lowers operating temp bc aluminium oxide is dissolved

70
Q

Definition of malleable?

A

change shape without snapping/breaking

71
Q

Definiton of ductile?

A

Made into wires

72
Q

Definition of low density?

A

Low mass for its volume

73
Q

definition of non toxic?

A

Not harmful/poisonous to humans

74
Q

resistant to corrosion

A

withstand chemical reactions

Chemistry (Helena) (7 decks)

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