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Chemistry (Helena) > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of the homologous series?

A
  • family of compound with similar chemical properties
  • represented by a general formula
  • show a gradual trend in physical properties e.g melting and boiling points
  • always a diff of CH2 between one member and the next in the series
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2
Q

two examples of homologous series are:

A
  • The alkanes

- The alkenes

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3
Q

What are all molecules in the alkanes and the alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What are hydro carbons?

A

compound made of only hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

What are the alkanes in terms of hydrocarbons

A

Saturated

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6
Q

definition of saturated?

A

Atoms are joined together by single covalent bonds

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7
Q

the aliens are what kind of hydrocarbon?

A

unsaturated

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8
Q

definition of unsaturated?

A

Chemical compounds that contain carbon-carbon double bonds.

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9
Q

When naming an alkane what must one remember?

A

-All alkanes end with the suffix -ANE
- the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is represented by a specific prefix
E.G. Methane, ETHane, PROPane, BUTane,PENTane, HEXane

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10
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

^ the n represents the number of carbon atoms

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11
Q

What must one remember when naming an alkene?

A
  • All alkenes end with the suffix -ENE

- By the number of C atoms in the molecule is represented by the same prefix as for the alkanes.

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12
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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13
Q

definition of an Isomer? (Do not confuse with isotope)

A

Isomers are molecules with the SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA BUT A DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL FORMULA.

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14
Q

Alkanes are unreactive molecules what does this mean?

A

they do not burn in air to produce carbon dioxide ad water and release energy

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15
Q

when do alkanes react with bromine?

A

in the pre scene of UV light

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16
Q

what is the word equation for the bromine and methane reaction? and what kind of reaction is it?

A

Methane+ Bromine= Bromoethane + hydrogen bromide.

-substitution reaction

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17
Q

why are alkenes reactive molecules?

A

Because they have a carbon carbon double bond

18
Q

Why are alkenes not used as fuels?

A

They are to valuable

-used to make plastics

19
Q

What do alkenes react with bromine to make a reaction occur?

A

React with bromine or bromine water and do not need uv light for this reaction to occur.

20
Q

what kind of reaction is Alkene and bromine?

A

Addition reaction

21
Q

What colour is bromine?

A

orange/brown

22
Q

What is crude oil?

A

-it is a fossil fuel

a mixture of hydrocarbons of different sized

23
Q

What is the process of distillation of crude oil?

A
  • Crude oil is heated so it becomes a mixture of vapours.
  • vapour pass in fractoining column where they cool.
  • the different fractions cool at different temps because …
  • defferent hydrocarbons have different sized molecules so diff boiling/condensing point.
24
Q

what properties do the crude oil vapours at the top of the fractioning column have?

A
  • low temperature (70C)
  • small molecules condense
  • light in colour
  • runny (less viscous)
  • very flammable
    e. g. petroleum gases, petrol, kerosine
25
Q

What properties do the crude oil vapours at the bottom of the fractioning column have?

A
  • high temperatures (360C)
  • large molecules condense
  • dark in colour
  • think and viscous
  • difficult to light
26
Q

Definition of boiling point?

A

the temperature at which the liquid boils or the gas condenses

27
Q

definition of volatility?

A

The tendency to turn into a gas

28
Q

definition of viscosity?

A

how easy it flows

29
Q

Definition of flammability?

A

how easily it burns

30
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

turns limewater cloudy

31
Q

what is the chemical test for water?

A

anhydrous colbot chloride paper turns from blue to pink

32
Q

Physical test for water?

A

boils at 100C and freezes at 0

33
Q

When does complete combustion occur?

A

When there is plentiful/sufficient supply of oxygen

34
Q

When does Incomplete combustion happen?

A

if there is a limited/ insufficient supply of oxygen

35
Q

what is a dangerous product of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide

36
Q

What is carbon monoxide?

A

a poisonous, colourless, tasteless, odourless gas.

37
Q

why is carbon monoxide dangerous? (cause and effect)

A
  • binds more easily to haemoglobin in the blood than oxygen
  • carries around the body and reduced respiration
  • leads to unconsciousness or even death
38
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Conversion of sugars to ethanol

39
Q

what conditions are needed for fermentation.

A

temp of about 35C- (above 40C the yeast would be denatured

  • anaerobic conditions
  • aqueous solution
40
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation?

A

Glucose»»»»>ethanol + carbon dioxide

^^ yeast enzymes//35C

41
Q

name a country which uses fermentation and reasons for it?

A

Brazil- have resources e.g. sugar beat +sugar cane.

climate is right, land and it can be produced v cheaply

Chemistry (Helena) (7 decks)

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