Reactivity Series Flashcards
Electrolysis is the … Method of extraction but is … Since it uses a vast amount of electricity
Most powerful
Very expensive
How are the extraction of aluminium and iron related to their positions in the reactivity series
- both do not react to cold water
- both react to steam without burning
- after reaction with steam form a metal oxide and hydrogen
- iron reacts with less vigour to aluminium with dilute acids to form the metal salt and hydrogen
Electrolysis of metals of the …
Molten chloride or molten oxide
When are ionic compounds able to conduct electricity
When molten/in an aqueous solution
When an electric current passes through a molten/an aqueous solution of an ionic compound what is taken place
Electrolysis
What is electrolysis
The decomposition (chemical breakdown) of a substance by passing an electric current through it
What is an electrolyte
the substance that is being electrolysed
What is an electrode
The electrical connection between the electrolyte and the external electrical circuit
What is a positive electrode called
Anode
What is a negative electrode called
Cathode
The metal in electrolysis is formed at the
Negative electrode (aluminium)
The non metal in electrolysis is formed at the
Positive electrode (oxygen)
Symbol for aluminium oxide
Al2O3
Reaction at the negative electrode (cathode)
- positive metal ions (cation) attracted to negative electrode
- when get to electrode they gain electrons so they convert into their atoms
Reaction at the positive electrode (anode)
- negative non metal ions (anion) attracted to positive electrode
- when get back to the electrode lose electrons to form atoms
For aluminium reaction at cathode
Al3 + 3e- –> Al
For aluminium reaction at anode
2O2- –> O2 + 4e-
For aluminium electrolysis what is the anode made from
Graphite (carbon)
In aluminium electrolysis what is the cathode made out of
Graphite (carbon)
What is the electrolyte in aluminium extraction
A solution of aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite
What is the main ore of aluminium
Bauxite
Before electrolysis bauxite is first what to produce what
Purified to produce aluminium oxide
Al2O3 has a very high melting point which is why it is dissolved in … To make the electrolyte
Molten cryolite
When the aluminium melts and collects at the bottom of the cell it is then…
Tapped/syphoned off at the taping hole
In electrolysis some oxygen produced at the anode reacts with the graphite to produce
CO2, meaning the anode needs to be regularly replaced as it burns
Aluminium useful properties
Conductor of heat and electricity
Low density
Resists corrosion as a tough layer of aluminium oxide on surface protects it
Where is bauxite usually found
Jamaica
Useful properties of iron
Abundant
Cheap
Strong
Used mainly to make steel
4 raw materials needed for blast furnace
Haematite
Limestone
Coke
Hot air
What is coke used for in a blast furnace
Made from coal, heated but not burned, rich in the element carbon
What is haematite used for in the blast furnace
The iron ore, mainly iron(iii) oxide (Fe2O3)
What is limestone in a blast furnace
Consists mainly of the compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3), reacts with the impurities in the haematite
Hot air is blasted where
In the bottom of the blast furnace (convection)
Iron ore, coke and limestone are mixed together and
Feed into the top of the blast furnace
In a blast furnace the temperature needs to remain high so the carbon is burned therefore
To help the carbon burn quicker hot air is blasted at the bottom to help keep oxygen present
When carbon burns in the blast furnace it produces two gases
Carbon dioxide
C + O2 –> CO2
Carbon monoxide
CO2 + C –> 2CO
The gases produced when carbon is burned move up through the blast furnace, the carbon monoxide
reacts with iron ore that is mixed up in the furnace
Iron ore equation
Fe2O3
Balanced equation for carbon monoxide and iron ore
Fe2O3 + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO2
The molten iron that is formed in a blast furnace trickles … Inside the furnace and … at the bottom
Down
Collects
The CO2 formed in a blast furnace moves … Inside the furnace and escapes at the ..,
Up
Top
Limestone in a blast furnace is used to
Remove natural impurities in the haematite
Product of the reaction between haematite and limestone is
Slag
Slag in a blast furnace trickles down to the bottom as it is dense but
Forms a layer that floats on top of molten iron as it is less dense than that
Slag is useful for
Using it as rubble to build roads
Aluminium used as aeroplane bodies
high strength to weight ratio
Aluminium used as overhead power cables
Good conductor of electricity
Aluminium used for saucepans
Good conductor of heat
Aluminium used as food cans
Non toxic
Aluminium used as window frames
Resists corrosion
Iron used as car bodies, iron nails, ships, bridges
Used to make steel, strong (withstands collisions)
Reactivity series in decreasing order remember …( Pratt Sometimes Likes Cooking Meth And Cant Znort It Till Lucy’s High Cuz She’s Grim Phucked)
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
