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Chemistry > Reactivity Series > Flashcards

Reactivity Series Flashcards

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0
Q

Electrolysis is the … Method of extraction but is … Since it uses a vast amount of electricity

A

Most powerful

Very expensive

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1
Q

How are the extraction of aluminium and iron related to their positions in the reactivity series

A
  • both do not react to cold water
  • both react to steam without burning
  • after reaction with steam form a metal oxide and hydrogen
  • iron reacts with less vigour to aluminium with dilute acids to form the metal salt and hydrogen
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2
Q

Electrolysis of metals of the …

A

Molten chloride or molten oxide

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3
Q

When are ionic compounds able to conduct electricity

A

When molten/in an aqueous solution

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4
Q

When an electric current passes through a molten/an aqueous solution of an ionic compound what is taken place

A

Electrolysis

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5
Q

What is electrolysis

A

The decomposition (chemical breakdown) of a substance by passing an electric current through it

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6
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

the substance that is being electrolysed

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7
Q

What is an electrode

A

The electrical connection between the electrolyte and the external electrical circuit

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8
Q

What is a positive electrode called

A

Anode

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9
Q

What is a negative electrode called

A

Cathode

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10
Q

The metal in electrolysis is formed at the

A

Negative electrode (aluminium)

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11
Q

The non metal in electrolysis is formed at the

A

Positive electrode (oxygen)

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12
Q

Symbol for aluminium oxide

A

Al2O3

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13
Q

Reaction at the negative electrode (cathode)

A
  • positive metal ions (cation) attracted to negative electrode
  • when get to electrode they gain electrons so they convert into their atoms
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14
Q

Reaction at the positive electrode (anode)

A
  • negative non metal ions (anion) attracted to positive electrode
  • when get back to the electrode lose electrons to form atoms
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15
Q

For aluminium reaction at cathode

A

Al3 + 3e- –> Al

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16
Q

For aluminium reaction at anode

A

2O2- –> O2 + 4e-

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17
Q

For aluminium electrolysis what is the anode made from

A

Graphite (carbon)

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18
Q

In aluminium electrolysis what is the cathode made out of

A

Graphite (carbon)

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19
Q

What is the electrolyte in aluminium extraction

A

A solution of aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite

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20
Q

What is the main ore of aluminium

A

Bauxite

21
Q

Before electrolysis bauxite is first what to produce what

A

Purified to produce aluminium oxide

22
Q

Al2O3 has a very high melting point which is why it is dissolved in … To make the electrolyte

A

Molten cryolite

23
Q

When the aluminium melts and collects at the bottom of the cell it is then…

A

Tapped/syphoned off at the taping hole

24
Q

In electrolysis some oxygen produced at the anode reacts with the graphite to produce

A

CO2, meaning the anode needs to be regularly replaced as it burns

25
Q

Aluminium useful properties

A

Conductor of heat and electricity
Low density
Resists corrosion as a tough layer of aluminium oxide on surface protects it

26
Q

Where is bauxite usually found

A

Jamaica

27
Q

Useful properties of iron

A

Abundant
Cheap
Strong
Used mainly to make steel

28
Q

4 raw materials needed for blast furnace

A

Haematite
Limestone
Coke
Hot air

29
Q

What is coke used for in a blast furnace

A

Made from coal, heated but not burned, rich in the element carbon

30
Q

What is haematite used for in the blast furnace

A

The iron ore, mainly iron(iii) oxide (Fe2O3)

31
Q

What is limestone in a blast furnace

A

Consists mainly of the compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3), reacts with the impurities in the haematite

32
Q

Hot air is blasted where

A

In the bottom of the blast furnace (convection)

33
Q

Iron ore, coke and limestone are mixed together and

A

Feed into the top of the blast furnace

34
Q

In a blast furnace the temperature needs to remain high so the carbon is burned therefore

A

To help the carbon burn quicker hot air is blasted at the bottom to help keep oxygen present

35
Q

When carbon burns in the blast furnace it produces two gases

A

Carbon dioxide
C + O2 –> CO2
Carbon monoxide
CO2 + C –> 2CO

36
Q

The gases produced when carbon is burned move up through the blast furnace, the carbon monoxide

A

reacts with iron ore that is mixed up in the furnace

37
Q

Iron ore equation

A

Fe2O3

38
Q

Balanced equation for carbon monoxide and iron ore

A

Fe2O3 + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO2

39
Q

The molten iron that is formed in a blast furnace trickles … Inside the furnace and … at the bottom

A

Down

Collects

40
Q

The CO2 formed in a blast furnace moves … Inside the furnace and escapes at the ..,

A

Up

Top

41
Q

Limestone in a blast furnace is used to

A

Remove natural impurities in the haematite

42
Q

Product of the reaction between haematite and limestone is

A

Slag

43
Q

Slag in a blast furnace trickles down to the bottom as it is dense but

A

Forms a layer that floats on top of molten iron as it is less dense than that

44
Q

Slag is useful for

A

Using it as rubble to build roads

45
Q

Aluminium used as aeroplane bodies

A

high strength to weight ratio

46
Q

Aluminium used as overhead power cables

A

Good conductor of electricity

47
Q

Aluminium used for saucepans

A

Good conductor of heat

48
Q

Aluminium used as food cans

A

Non toxic

49
Q

Aluminium used as window frames

A

Resists corrosion

50
Q

Iron used as car bodies, iron nails, ships, bridges

A

Used to make steel, strong (withstands collisions)

52
Q

Reactivity series in decreasing order remember …( Pratt Sometimes Likes Cooking Meth And Cant Znort It Till Lucy’s High Cuz She’s Grim Phucked)

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold 
Platinum

Chemistry (11 decks)

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