Reactivity series

Question 1

Arrange the metals potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium in order of decreasing reactivity.

Answer 1

Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Lithium

Question 2

Explain why rusting occurs faster in salty water compared to pure water.

Answer 2

Rusting occurs faster in salty water because the presence of sodium chloride speeds up the oxidation process of iron.

Question 3

Write the balanced chemical equation for the displacement reaction between magnesium and copper(II) sulfate.

Answer 3

Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu

Question 4

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a barrier method, such as painting, to prevent the rusting of iron

Answer 4

Advantages: Effective when intact, easy application.
Disadvantages: Susceptible to damage, requires periodic maintenance.

Question 5

Describe the reaction of sodium with water

Answer 5

reacts quickly with water, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Question 6

State the general word equation for the reaction between a metal and a dilute acid.

Answer 6

Metal+Dilute Acid→Salt+Hydrogen

Question 7

List the conditions required for iron to rust.

Answer 7

• Presence of air and water, leading to the formation of hydrated iron (III) oxide.

Question 8

Name two barrier methods to prevent the rusting of iron.

Answer 8

Barrier methods include coating iron with substances like grease, oil, paint, or plastic.

Question 9

Explain the process of galvanizing and how it prevents rusting.

Answer 9

• Galvanizing is a process where iron is coated with a layer of zinc
• The layer of zinc protects the iron even if the coating is scratched

Question 10

Define redox

Answer 10

A redox is a reaction that involves both oxidation and reduction

Question 11

What is an oxidizing agent?

Answer 11

An oxidizing agent causes another reactant to be oxidized and is reduced itself.

Question 12

Define a reducing agent

Answer 12

A reducing agent causes another reactant to be reduced and is oxidized itself.

Question 13

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 13

A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a compound

Question 14

How are oxidation and reduction defined in terms of electron transfer?

Answer 14

• Oxidation - loss of electrons
• Reduction - gain of electrons

Question 15

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?

Answer 15

Metal Carbonate + Acid –> Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 16

What is the general equation for neutralization?

Answer 16

Acid + Base —> Salt + Water

Question 17

What is the general equation for the reaction between metal oxide and acid?

Answer 17

Metal Oxide + Acid —> Salt + Water

Question 18

What is a strong and weak acid?

Answer 18

• Strong acid: Completely ionized in aqueous solution
• Weak acid: Only partially ionized in aqueous solution

Question 19

Suggest why barium carbonate may cause poisoning when it enters the stomach.

Answer 19

• It forms barium chloride
• by reacting with HCl

Question 20

A student accidentally swallowed a small amount of barium hydroxide solution, which is poisonous.

Suggest a reason why a solution of magnesium sulfate could be given to the student to swallow as a first-aid treatment.

Answer 20

• Barium Sulfate is formed and it is not poisonous

Question 21

Suggest how barium should be stored

Answer 21

IN a VACUUM

Question 22

Suggest a connection between the atomic number and the reactivity of the elements in group 2

Answer 22

As the reactivity series increases, the atomic increases as well.

Question 23

State two properties of the metals that the student should keep the same in all of the experiments in order to compare their reactivity

Answer 23

• Same amount (in moles)
• Total Surface Area

Question 24

Which gas forms during the reactions with dilute sulfuric acid?

Answer 24

Hydrogen