Reactive Leukocyte Disorders Flashcards
neutropenia- absolute neutrophil count less than?
1800/microliter
agranulocytosis - absolute neutrophil count less than?
500/microliter
aplastic anemia, radiation, drugs, chemo, leukemia are central causes of ________ where there’s suppression of bone marrow cells or committed granulocytic precursors
neutropenia
immune mediated, splenic sequestration, and increased margination result in increased destruction or utilization of ______
neutrophils, lead to neutropenia
neutrophilia - absolute neutrophil count greater than?
7,000
increased granulopoiesis (infections, immunological inflammatory, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and colony stimulating factors) lead to?
neutrophilia
increased release from marrow stores, decreased margination due to catecholamines, and decreased extravasation from glucocorticoids lead to?
neutrophilia
defective leukocyte adhession b/c of mutations in beta chain of CD11/CD18 integrins
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type 1
defective leukocyte adhesion b/c of mutations in fucosyl transferase required for synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharide (receptor for selectins)
leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type 2
defective oxidative burst to form free radicals to kill bacteria
chronic granulomatous disease
CGD: defective phagocyte oxidase (membrane)
X linked CGD
CGD: defective phagocyte oxidase (cytoplasmic)
autosomal recessive CGD
decreased microbial killing b/c of defective MPO-H202 system
MPO deficiency
decreased leukocyte functions because mutations affecting protein involved in lysosomal membrane traffic (LYST)
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
diabetes, malignancy, sepsis, dialysis, malnutrition, anemia cause poor adhesion and phagocytosis, leading to ?
qualitative neutrophil disorder, increased risk of infection
lymphocytosis - absolute lymphocyte count greater than?
4,000
causes of lymphocytosis?
viral infections (mono), acute bacterial (whooping cough), chronic bacterial (TB, brucellosis), lymphoproliferative diseases
in viral infections, usually CD8 cytotoxic T cells
atypical lymphocytes
lymphocytopenia - absolute lymphocyte count less than? usually due to?
1500
decrease in CD4 helper T
congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, Hodgkin, radiation, chemo, steroids, AIDS
causes of lymphocytopenia
increased number and larger size of secondary follicles, due to infection, systemic inflammation, arthritis, drugs, AIDS
follicular hyperplasia
expansion of paracortex by a heterogenous reactive cell population (viral infection CMV, EBV, measles, varicella, SLE, drug reaction)
interfollicular (paracortical) hyperplasia
increase in macrophages in sinuses, in lymph node draining infection, cancer
sinus histiocytosis
toxoplasmosis –> follicular hyperplasia, epithelioid granulomas within germinal centers and interfollicular areas, sinusoidal dilation with monocytoid B cells
mixed pattern hyperplasia
